Facultad de Educación, Psicología y Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Huelva, Av. de las Fuerzas Armadas s/n, 21007 Huelva, Spain.
Grupo de Optimización del Entrenamiento y Rendimiento Deportivo (GOERD), Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Extremadura, Av. de la Universidad s/n, 10001 Cáceres, Spain.
Sensors (Basel). 2024 Aug 30;24(17):5656. doi: 10.3390/s24175656.
During peak height velocity, adjusting training intensity is crucial for optimizing performance and minimizing injury risk. This cross-sectional study compares external and internal intensities in different training tasks (analytical tasks, small-sided games, and training matches) and analyzes their effect on the maturation age of young players. Fifty-five U-15 and U-16 boys from two soccer clubs in southwestern Spain were monitored using inertial movement units and heart rate monitors to report training intensities. Anthropometric data and birthdates were collected to estimate maturation age. The Friedman test and Durbin-Conover post hoc test identified specific differences between groups, and Spearman's rank correlation coefficients assessed variable impacts. Training matches showed significantly higher distance covered, maximum and average speed, and average heart rate compared to small-sided games and analytical tasks. High-intensity actions and sprints were significantly higher ( < 0.0001) during training matches compared to analytical tasks and during small-sided games compared to analytical tasks. Player load per minute was significantly highest ( < 0.05) during training matches, followed by small-sided games, and lowest in analytical tasks. Positive correlations between maturational age and high-intensity actions, accelerations, and decelerations indicated higher intensity ( < 0.05) in more mature players. A negative correlation between player load per minute and maturational age suggested more efficient intensity management in mature players. These findings highlight the importance of considering biological maturation and training task variability in youth athletes' development.
在身高增长高峰期，调整训练强度对于优化表现和最小化受伤风险至关重要。本横断面研究比较了不同训练任务（分析任务、小场比赛和训练比赛）中的外部和内部强度，并分析了它们对年轻球员成熟年龄的影响。来自西班牙西南部两个足球俱乐部的 55 名 U-15 和 U-16 男孩使用惯性运动单元和心率监测器来报告训练强度。收集了人体测量数据和出生日期来估计成熟年龄。弗里德曼检验和杜宾-康纳事后检验确定了组间的具体差异，斯皮尔曼等级相关系数评估了变量的影响。与小场比赛和分析任务相比，训练比赛显示出明显更高的距离覆盖、最大和平均速度以及平均心率。高强度动作和冲刺在训练比赛中明显高于分析任务（<0.0001），在小场比赛中也明显高于分析任务。每分种的球员负荷在训练比赛中最高（<0.05），其次是小场比赛，在分析任务中最低。成熟年龄与高强度动作、加速度和减速度之间呈正相关，表明更成熟的球员的强度更高（<0.05）。每分种的球员负荷与成熟年龄之间呈负相关，表明成熟球员的强度管理更有效。这些发现强调了在青年运动员的发展中考虑生物成熟度和训练任务变异性的重要性。
