不同恢复时间对足球小场地比赛中内外负荷的影响。
Effects of Different Recovery Times on Internal and External Load During Small-Sided Games in Soccer.
机构信息
Department of Sports Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, Covilhã, Portugal.
出版信息
Sports Health. 2021 Jul-Aug;13(4):324-331. doi: 10.1177/1941738121995469. Epub 2021 Feb 23.
BACKGROUND
The ability to maintain a high intensity of exercise over several repetitions depends on recovery from previous exercises. This study aimed to identify the effects of different recovery times on internal and external load during small-sided soccer games.
HYPOTHESIS
An increase in recovery time will increase the external training load and decrease the internal exercise load, which will result in a greater physical impact of the exercise.
STUDY DESIGN
Cross-sectional study.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Level 2.
METHODS
Twenty male semiprofessional soccer players participated in the present study. They performed the same exercise (5-a-side game format) continuously (1 × 18 minutes) and repeatedly/fractionated (3 × 6 minutes) with different recovery times (30 seconds, 1 minute, 1.5 minutes, and 2 minutes). Their internal load (ie, average heart rate (HR) and maximum HR) and external load (ie, total distance, maximum speed, and ratio meters) were measured using an HR band and an inertial device equipped with a global positioning system, respectively.
RESULTS
The manipulation of recovery times induced differences in the internal and external load. For the same total duration, the external and internal load indicators exhibited higher values during the fractionated method, particularly with short recovery periods.
CONCLUSION
The application of small-sided soccer games with different recovery times induced varying responses in training load. To maintain high physical performance and high training load, the fractional method with short recovery periods (ie, 30 seconds) should be used. In contrast, to carefully manage players' efforts and decrease response to training load, continuous or fractional methods with longer recovery periods (ie, 1-2 minutes) should be used.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
The proper prescription of recovery time between exercises facilitates enhanced training efficiency and optimized performance.
背景
多次重复进行高强度运动的能力取决于前一次运动的恢复情况。本研究旨在确定不同恢复时间对小场足球比赛中内部和外部负荷的影响。
假设
增加恢复时间将增加外部训练负荷，减少内部运动负荷，从而使运动的身体影响更大。
研究设计
横断面研究。
证据水平
2 级。
方法
20 名男性半职业足球运动员参加了本研究。他们连续（1×18 分钟）和重复/分段（3×6 分钟）进行相同的运动（5 对 5 比赛形式），恢复时间分别为 30 秒、1 分钟、1.5 分钟和 2 分钟。使用 HR 带和配备 GPS 的惯性设备分别测量他们的内部负荷（即平均心率[HR]和最大 HR）和外部负荷（即总距离、最大速度和米比）。
结果
恢复时间的操纵导致内部和外部负荷的差异。在相同的总持续时间内，分段法的外部和内部负荷指标值更高，尤其是恢复时间较短的情况下。
结论
应用不同恢复时间的小场足球比赛会引起训练负荷的不同反应。为了保持高身体表现和高训练负荷，应采用短恢复时间（即 30 秒）的分段法。相比之下，为了谨慎管理运动员的努力并降低对训练负荷的反应，应采用连续或分段法，恢复时间较长（即 1-2 分钟）。
临床相关性
在运动之间适当规定恢复时间有助于提高训练效率和优化表现。
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