Abude Rayane Romão Saad, Lôbo-Hajdu Gisele, Moreira Daniel Andrade, Cabrini Tatiana Medeiros Barbosa
Post-Graduate Program in Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratory of Marine Ecology, Department of Ecology and Marine Resources, Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Post-Graduate Program in Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratory of Marine Genetics, Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Mar Environ Res. 2024 Nov;202:106745. doi: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106745. Epub 2024 Sep 13.
Emerita species (Scopoli, 1777; Crustacea: Decapoda: Pleocyemata: Anomura: Hippidae), commonly known as mole crabs, are specialized in burying and distributed in the swash zone of the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Ocean sandy beaches. This genus has received increasing attention in scientific studies owing to its ecological importance. It is used as a model species to evaluate the ecological state of communities and as a bioindicator of environmental health and quality. Here, we systematically reviewed the literature to understand how Emerita species are affected by anthropogenic activities and gathered records of its population densities. Two independent literature searches were conducted on anthropogenic impact and population density. Anthropogenic impacts were reviewed using 61 articles published between 1974 and 2023. The main anthropogenic impacts were physical changes (n = 19) and toxicity (n = 18). E. analoga, E. talpoida, and E. brasiliensis were the most studied species. Some anthropogenic impacts did not directly damage E. analoga and E. talpoida. E. analoga was more tolerant of certain types of impacts related to physical changes and toxicity. Lower densities of E. brasiliensis were associated with more urbanized beaches. Accessing data on annual cycles, density fluctuations, and population peaks is important to minimize the impacts on populations. In total, 42 articles reported surveys on population density or abundance in nine countries. E. brasiliensis exhibited the highest amount (n = 17) on the beaches in Brazil and Uruguay, followed by E. analoga (n = 13), in Chile and USA. A temporal reduction in the densities was observed for E. brasiliensis, primarily on beaches in Brazil, and E. talpoida. A global standardization of sampling and density and abundance data presentation is necessary for effective long-term assessments of Emerita species. This study synthesizes the impacts that have occurred on Emerita, highlighting potential threats to its conservation.
美人虾属物种（斯科波利，1777年；甲壳纲：十足目：腹胚亚目：异尾下目：蝉蟹科），通常被称为沙蚤，专门栖息于埋沙生活，分布在太平洋、大西洋和印度洋沙滩的激浪带。由于其生态重要性，该属在科学研究中受到越来越多的关注。它被用作评估群落生态状态的模式物种，以及环境健康和质量的生物指标。在此，我们系统地回顾了文献，以了解美人虾属物种是如何受到人为活动影响的，并收集了其种群密度记录。针对人为影响和种群密度进行了两项独立的文献检索。使用1974年至2023年间发表的61篇文章对人为影响进行了综述。主要的人为影响是物理变化（n = 19）和毒性（n = 18）。南方美人虾、塔尔波美人虾和巴西美人虾是研究最多的物种。一些人为影响并未直接损害南方美人虾和塔尔波美人虾。南方美人虾对某些类型的物理变化和毒性影响更具耐受性。巴西美人虾密度较低与海滩城市化程度较高有关。获取有关年度周期、密度波动和种群峰值的数据对于尽量减少对种群的影响很重要。总共有42篇文章报道了九个国家的种群密度或丰度调查。巴西美人虾在巴西和乌拉圭海滩的调查数量最多（n = 17），其次是南方美人虾（n = 13），分布在智利和美国。观察到巴西美人虾的密度出现了时间上的下降，主要是在巴西的海滩上，塔尔波美人虾也出现了这种情况。为了对美人虾属物种进行有效的长期评估，有必要对采样以及密度和丰度数据呈现进行全球标准化。本研究综合了已发生在美人虾属上的影响，突出了对其保护的潜在威胁。
