The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Ln, Brookmans Park, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK.
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK.
Vet J. 2024 Dec;308:106247. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106247. Epub 2024 Sep 12.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane bound vesicles secreted from cells into the extracellular space which have an emerging role in both normal kidney physiology and the pathophysiology of kidney injury, predominantly as mediators of intercellular communication. EVs contain proteins and RNA cargo which reflect their cell of origin and can be isolated from the urine of cats and dogs. The majority of urinary EVs (uEVs) originate from the kidney, and both the uEV proteome and transcriptome have been investigated as sources of biomarkers of kidney disease. In addition to their possible diagnostic role, EVs may also have therapeutic potential, and veterinary species have been used as models to demonstrate the efficacy of exogenous EVs derived from mesenchymal stromal cells in the treatment of acute kidney injury. Furthermore, bioengineered EVs may represent a novel vehicle for the administration of drugs or therapeutic nucleic acids in kidney disease. This article reviews the biological functions of EVs within the kidney, techniques for their isolation, and their potential use as biomarkers and therapeutic agents, with particular focus on the potential significance to veterinary patients.
细胞外囊泡（EVs）是从细胞分泌到细胞外空间的膜结合囊泡，在肾脏生理和肾脏损伤的病理生理学中具有重要作用，主要作为细胞间通讯的介质。EVs 包含反映其起源细胞的蛋白质和 RNA 货物，并且可以从猫和狗的尿液中分离出来。大多数尿源性 EVs（uEVs）来源于肾脏，uEV 蛋白质组和转录组都被作为肾脏疾病生物标志物的来源进行了研究。除了其潜在的诊断作用外，EVs 还可能具有治疗潜力，并且已经使用兽医物种作为模型来证明源自间充质基质细胞的外源性 EV 在治疗急性肾损伤中的功效。此外，生物工程 EVs 可能代表了一种用于在肾脏疾病中给药药物或治疗性核酸的新型载体。本文综述了 EVs 在肾脏中的生物学功能、它们的分离技术，以及它们作为生物标志物和治疗剂的潜在用途，特别关注它们对兽医患者的潜在意义。
