Cui Zhe, Zhang Ling, Hu Guangyu, Zhang Fuyang
Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
Cardiovasc Toxicol. 2024 Aug;24(8):711-726. doi: 10.1007/s12012-024-09875-0. Epub 2024 Jun 7.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are diverse, membrane-bound vesicles released from cells into the extracellular environment. They originate from either endosomes or the cell membrane and typically include exosomes and microvesicles. These EVs serve as crucial mediators of intercellular communication, carrying a variety of contents such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, which regulate the physiological and pathological processes of target cells. Moreover, the molecular cargo of EVs can reflect critical information about the originating cells, making them potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases. Over the past decade, the role of EVs as key communicators between cell types in cardiovascular physiology and pathology has gained increasing recognition. EVs from different cellular sources, or from the same source under different cellular conditions, can have distinct impacts on the management, diagnosis, and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, it is essential to consider the influence of cardiovascular-derived EVs on the metabolism of peripheral organs. This review aims to summarize recent advancements in the field of cardiovascular research with respect to the roles and implications of EVs. Our goal is to provide new insights and directions for the early prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, with an emphasis on the therapeutic potential and diagnostic value of EVs.
细胞外囊泡（EVs）是从细胞释放到细胞外环境中的多种膜结合囊泡。它们起源于内体或细胞膜，通常包括外泌体和微囊泡。这些细胞外囊泡作为细胞间通讯的关键介质，携带多种内容物，如核酸、蛋白质和脂质，调节靶细胞的生理和病理过程。此外，细胞外囊泡的分子货物可以反映有关起源细胞的关键信息，使其成为疾病诊断和预后的潜在生物标志物。在过去十年中，细胞外囊泡作为心血管生理学和病理学中细胞类型之间关键通讯者的作用越来越受到认可。来自不同细胞来源或同一来源在不同细胞条件下的细胞外囊泡，对心血管疾病的管理、诊断和预后可能有不同影响。此外，必须考虑心血管来源的细胞外囊泡对外周器官代谢的影响。本综述旨在总结心血管研究领域中关于细胞外囊泡作用和影响的最新进展。我们的目标是为心血管疾病的早期预防和治疗提供新的见解和方向，重点是细胞外囊泡的治疗潜力和诊断价值。
