Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department for Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2024 Nov;154(5):1079-1084. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.09.005. Epub 2024 Sep 13.
During the past decade, compelling evidence has accumulated demonstrating that innate immune cells can mount adaptive characteristics, leading to long-term changes in their function. This de facto innate immune memory has been termed trained immunity. Trained immunity, which is mediated through extensive metabolic rewiring and epigenetic modifications, has important effects in human diseases. Although the upregulation of trained immunity by certain vaccines provides heterologous protection against infections, the inappropriate activation of trained immunity by endogenous stimuli contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders. Development of vaccines that can induce both classical adaptive immunity and trained immunity may lead to a new generation of vaccines with increased efficacy. Activation of trained immunity can also lead to novel strategies for the treatment of cancer, whereas modulation of trained immunity can provide new approaches to the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
在过去的十年中，大量证据表明先天免疫细胞可以获得适应性特征，从而导致其功能发生长期变化。这种事实上的先天免疫记忆被称为训练免疫。训练免疫是通过广泛的代谢重编程和表观遗传修饰介导的，它在人类疾病中具有重要作用。虽然某些疫苗上调训练免疫可提供针对感染的异源保护，但内源性刺激物的不当激活会导致炎症和神经退行性疾病的发病机制。开发既能诱导经典适应性免疫又能诱导训练免疫的疫苗可能会产生新一代更有效的疫苗。训练免疫的激活也可能为癌症的治疗提供新策略，而训练免疫的调节则可为炎症性疾病的治疗提供新方法。
