Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
Cell Microbiol. 2020 Dec;22(12):e13261. doi: 10.1111/cmi.13261. Epub 2020 Sep 17.
Infectious diseases are a leading cause of death worldwide with over 8 million fatalities accounted for in 2016. Solicitation of host immune defenses by vaccination is the treatment of choice to prevent these infections. It has long been thought that vaccine immunity was solely mediated by the adaptive immune system. However, over the past decade, numerous studies have shown that innate immune cells can also retain memory of these encounters. This process, called innate immune memory, is mediated by metabolic and epigenetic changes that make cells either hyperresponsive (trained immunity) or hyporesponsive (tolerance) to subsequent challenges. In this review, we discuss the concepts of trained immunity and tolerance in the context of host-pathogen interactions.
传染病是全球主要死因之一，2016 年导致超过 800 万人死亡。接种疫苗以激发宿主的免疫防御是预防这些感染的首选治疗方法。长期以来，人们一直认为疫苗免疫仅由适应性免疫系统介导。然而，在过去的十年中，许多研究表明，固有免疫细胞也可以保留对这些遭遇的记忆。这个过程称为固有免疫记忆，由代谢和表观遗传变化介导，使细胞对随后的挑战表现出高反应性（训练有素的免疫）或低反应性（耐受）。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了在宿主-病原体相互作用的背景下，训练有素的免疫和耐受性的概念。
