Immunology Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2022 Dec 31;18(1):2040238. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2040238. Epub 2022 Mar 3.
Trained immunity is a renewed concept of innate immune memory that facilitates the innate immune system to have the capacity to remember and train cells via metabolic and transcriptional events to enable them to provide nonspecific defense against the subsequent encounters with a range of pathogens and acquire a quicker and more robust immune response, but different from the adaptive immune memory. Reversing the epigenetic changes or targeting the immunological pathways may be considered potential therapeutic approaches to counteract the hyper-responsive or hypo-responsive state of trained immunity. The efficient regulation of immune homeostasis and promotion or inhibition of immune responses is required for a balanced response. Trained immunity-based vaccines can serve as potent immune stimuli and help in the clearance of pathogens in the body through multiple or heterologous effects and confer protection against nonspecific and specific pathogens. This review highlights various features of trained immunity and its applications in developing novel therapeutics and vaccines, along with certain detrimental effects, challenges as well as future perspectives.
训练免疫是固有免疫记忆的新概念，它通过代谢和转录事件使固有免疫系统具有记忆和训练细胞的能力，使其能够对随后遇到的一系列病原体提供非特异性防御，并获得更快、更强的免疫反应，但与适应性免疫记忆不同。逆转表观遗传变化或靶向免疫途径可能被认为是对抗训练免疫的高反应或低反应状态的潜在治疗方法。有效的免疫稳态调节以及促进或抑制免疫反应对于平衡反应是必需的。基于训练免疫的疫苗可以作为有效的免疫刺激物，通过多种或异源效应帮助清除体内的病原体，并提供针对非特异性和特异性病原体的保护。本综述强调了训练免疫的各种特征及其在开发新型治疗方法和疫苗中的应用，以及其潜在的有害影响、挑战和未来展望。
