Laboratory of Veterinary Epidemiology, Graduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, University Campus, Building 42, Post Office Box 354, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 96010-900, Brazil.
Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Sci Rep. 2024 Sep 15;14(1):21542. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-72719-y.
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is an urgent public health concern in Brazil. We evaluated the spatiotemporal distribution of VL to better understand the effects of economic activities related to agriculture, livestock, and deforestation on its incidence in the Brazilian Legal Amazon (BLA). The data on newly confirmed cases of VL in Brazilian municipalities from 2007 to 2020 were extracted from the Brazilian Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) and analyzed. The data on agricultural production (planted area in hectares) and livestock (total number of cattle) were obtained from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), whereas deforestation data (in hectares) were obtained from the Amazon Deforestation Estimation Project (PRODES). SatScan and the local indicators of spatial association (LISA) were used to identify the spatial and temporal patterns of VL and its relationships with economic and environmental variables. The cumulative incidence rate was found to be 4.5 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. Based on the LISA results, areas with a high incidence of VL and deforestation were identified in the states of Roraima, Pará, and Maranhão. Strengthening deforestation monitoring programs and environmental enforcement actions can help implement public policies to control illegal deforestation and mitigate the socio-environmental vulnerability in the BLA. Therefore, areas identified in this study should be prioritized for controlling VL.
内脏利什曼病（VL）是巴西的一个紧迫的公共卫生问题。我们评估了 VL 的时空分布，以更好地了解与农业、畜牧业和森林砍伐有关的经济活动对其在巴西法定亚马逊地区（BLA）发病率的影响。从 2007 年至 2020 年，从巴西国家传染病监测系统（SINAN）中提取了巴西各城市新确诊的 VL 病例数据，并进行了分析。农业生产（公顷种植面积）和畜牧业（牛的总数）数据来自巴西地理和统计研究所（IBGE），而森林砍伐数据（公顷）来自亚马逊毁林估计项目（PRODES）。使用 SatScan 和空间局部指标关联（LISA）来识别 VL 的时空模式及其与经济和环境变量的关系。累积发病率为每 10 万人 4.5 例。根据 LISA 的结果，在罗赖马州、帕拉州和马拉尼昂州发现了 VL 和森林砍伐发病率高的地区。加强森林砍伐监测计划和环境执法行动有助于实施控制非法森林砍伐和减轻 BLA 社会环境脆弱性的公共政策。因此，本研究确定的地区应优先控制 VL。
