Cytotoxic properties of leaf extract and its green-synthesized gold nanoparticles (in vitro study).

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to assess the cytotoxic effects of an extract from leaves and green-synthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in a mouthwash when used as a substitute for commercial mouthwashes. Human dermal fibroblasts from neonates (HDFn) were used in this study that done in vitro, because their characteristics were nearly identical to those of human gingival fibroblasts.

METHOD

In this study, the green synthesis of AuNPs using extracts from leaves was investigated as a sustainable and economical method. Then, using a range of analytical techniques, the physicochemical properties were evaluated, such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and ultraviolet visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-Vis), so the preparations and analytical techniques of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) take little time is about 10 days. The current study used the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide Mosmann's Tetrazolium Toxicity (MTT) to study the cytotoxic effects of leaf extract with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) utilizing a human fibroblast-derived standard cell line.

RESULTS

Various doses (1000, 500, 250, 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, and 3.125 μg/mL) of AuNPs were used to assess cytotoxicity, demonstrating little cytotoxic effects (approximately below 20% toxicity). A high level of biocompatibility was observed between the AuNPs and normal human fibroblasts.

CONCLUSION

The mouthwash made using green synthetic AuNPs obtained from leaf extract show high level of biocompatibility and has low cytotoxicity. Therefore, herbal mouthwash formulations can serve as a viable substitute for chemical mouthwashes.