Mishra Vijay, Mishra Yachana
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411 India.
School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411 India.
Indian J Microbiol. 2024 Sep;64(3):1310-1325. doi: 10.1007/s12088-024-01340-4. Epub 2024 Jun 27.
The gut microbiota influences the effectiveness and side effects of cancer treatments, particularly immunotherapy and associated immune-related complications. This important involvement of the microbiome is supported by the patients receiving antibiotics responding poorly to immunotherapy. Relatively few research has examined the underlying processes, and until recently, data regarding the detection of the microbial organisms that trigger these effects were inconsistent. Since then, a deeper comprehension of the processes of action and taxonomic classification of the relevant species has been attained. It's been demonstrated that certain bacterial species can enhance the body's reaction to immune checkpoint inhibitors through the release of distinct metabolites or products. Nonetheless, in certain patients who are not responding, Gram-negative bacteria may have a dominating suppressive impact. Patients' propensity to react to immunotherapy can be somewhat accurately predicted by machine learning techniques based on their microbiome makeup. Consequently, there has been an increase in interest in modifying the microbiome makeup to enhance patient reaction to medication. Clinical proof-of-concept studies demonstrate that dietary modifications or fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) might be used therapeutically to increase the efficacy of immunotherapy in cancer patients. Current developments and new approaches for microbiota-based cancer treatments have been emphasized. In conclusion, preclinical research on animals and human clinical trials has made tremendous progress in our understanding of the function of the gut microbiome in health and illness. These investigations have shed light on the effects of food, FMT, probiotics, prebiotics, and microbiome-disease connections. However, there are still a lot of issues and restrictions that must be resolved before this research can be used in real-world clinical settings.
肠道微生物群会影响癌症治疗的效果和副作用，尤其是免疫疗法及相关的免疫相关并发症。接受抗生素治疗的患者对免疫疗法反应不佳，这一现象支持了微生物群的这一重要作用。相对较少的研究考察了其潜在机制，直到最近，关于引发这些效应的微生物检测数据仍不一致。从那时起，人们对相关物种的作用过程和分类学分类有了更深入的理解。已经证明，某些细菌物种可以通过释放独特的代谢产物或产物来增强机体对免疫检查点抑制剂的反应。然而，在某些无反应的患者中，革兰氏阴性菌可能具有主导性的抑制作用。基于患者的微生物群组成，机器学习技术可以在一定程度上准确预测患者对免疫疗法的反应倾向。因此，人们对改变微生物群组成以增强患者对药物的反应的兴趣有所增加。临床概念验证研究表明，饮食调整或粪便微生物群移植（FMT）可用于治疗，以提高癌症患者免疫疗法的疗效。文中强调了基于微生物群的癌症治疗的当前进展和新方法。总之，动物的临床前研究和人体临床试验在我们对肠道微生物群在健康和疾病中的功能的理解方面取得了巨大进展。这些研究揭示了食物、FMT、益生菌、益生元以及微生物群与疾病之间的联系。然而，在这项研究能够应用于实际临床环境之前，仍有许多问题和限制需要解决。
