Singhvi Nirjara, Gupta Vipin, Gaur Mohita, Sharma Vishal, Puri Akshita, Singh Yogendra, Dubey Gyanendra P, Lal Rup
1Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India.
2Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France.
Indian J Microbiol. 2020 Mar;60(1):26-36. doi: 10.1007/s12088-019-00825-x. Epub 2019 Sep 5.
The gut microbiome analysis, with specific interest on their direct impact towards the human health, is currently revolutionizing the unexplored frontiers of the pathogenesis and wellness. Although in-depth investigations of gut microbiome, 'the Black Boxes', complexities and functionalities are yet at its infancy, profound evidences are being reported for their concurrent involvement in disease etiology and its treatment. Interestingly, studies from the 'minimal murine' (Oligo-MM), 'humanized' microbiota gnotobiotic mice models and patient samples, combined with multi-omics and cell biology approaches, have been revealing the implications of these findings in the treatment of gut dysbiosis associated diseases. Nonetheless, due to the inherent heterogeneity of the gut commensals and their unified co-existence with opportunistic pathobionts, it is utmost essential to highlight their functionalities in 'good or bad' gut in human wellness. We have specifically reviewed dietary lifestyle and infectious diseases linked with the gut bacterial consortia to delineate the ecobiotic approaches towards their treatment. This notably includes gut mucosal immunity mediated diseases such as Tuberculosis, IBD, CDI, Type 2 Diabetes, etc. Alongside of each dysbiosis, we have described the current therapeutic advancements of the pre- and probiotics derived from human microbiome studies to restore gut microbial homeostasis. With a continuous running debate on the role of microbiota in above mentioned diseases, we have collected numerous scientific evidences highlighting a previously unanticipated complex involvement of gut microbiome in the potential of human health.
对肠道微生物群的分析，特别是关注其对人类健康的直接影响，目前正在彻底改变发病机制和健康领域尚未探索的前沿。尽管对肠道微生物群这个“黑匣子”的深入研究、复杂性和功能仍处于起步阶段，但已有大量证据表明它们同时参与疾病病因及其治疗。有趣的是，来自“最小化小鼠”（寡聚-MM）、“人源化”微生物无菌小鼠模型和患者样本的研究，结合多组学和细胞生物学方法，一直在揭示这些发现对肠道菌群失调相关疾病治疗的意义。然而，由于肠道共生菌固有的异质性以及它们与机会性致病共生菌的共同存在，在人类健康中突出它们在“好或坏”肠道中的功能至关重要。我们特别回顾了与肠道细菌群落相关的饮食生活方式和传染病，以描述针对它们治疗的生态疗法。这尤其包括肠道黏膜免疫介导的疾病，如结核病、炎症性肠病、艰难梭菌感染、2型糖尿病等。除了每种菌群失调，我们还描述了源自人类微生物组研究的益生元和益生菌在恢复肠道微生物稳态方面的当前治疗进展。随着关于微生物群在上述疾病中作用的持续争论，我们收集了大量科学证据，突出了肠道微生物群在人类健康潜力中以前未预料到的复杂参与。
