Kwon Kristine Namhee, Lee Kangyeon, Chung Wankyo
Department of Health Policy and Management, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
Division of Health Services Management and Policy, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Prev Med Rep. 2024 Aug 23;46:102865. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102865. eCollection 2024 Oct.
Smoking not only causes negative health outcomes for individuals but also causes an economic burden to society. This study estimated the socioeconomic costs of direct smoking in South Korea in 2020.
We used the prevalence-based cost-of-illness approach to estimate the sum of the direct (medical, transportation, and caregiving) and indirect (productivity loss due to health service utilization and premature death) costs of 41 smoking-related diseases. We assumed that diseases with death-based hazard ratios greater than 1.0 were related to smoking and used them in cost estimation.
The socioeconomic cost of direct smoking in Korea was USD 10.9 billion in 2020, accounting for 0.67 % of the gross domestic product and 8.0 % of current health expenditures. The direct cost was USD 4,172 million and the indirect cost was USD 6,753 million. The cost of productivity loss due to premature death took up the largest amount of the total cost, accounting for 52.3 %. The amount attributed to males accounted for 90.4 % of the overall cost, totaling to USD 9,877 million. This is attributable to higher smoking rates and higher medical costs in men. Cancer costs accounted for 40.0 % of the total cost, causing the greatest burden of diseases.
Direct smoking imposed a harmful and heavy economic burden on South Korea. Our estimate provides the latest evidence on the financial burden of smoking and strengthens the case for strong tobacco control policies and interventions.
吸烟不仅会给个人带来负面健康后果，还会给社会造成经济负担。本研究估算了2020年韩国直接吸烟造成的社会经济成本。
我们采用基于患病率的疾病成本法来估算41种与吸烟相关疾病的直接（医疗、交通和护理）和间接（因利用卫生服务和过早死亡导致的生产力损失）成本之和。我们假设基于死亡的风险比大于1.0的疾病与吸烟有关，并将其用于成本估算。
2020年韩国直接吸烟造成的社会经济成本为109亿美元，占国内生产总值的0.67%，占当前卫生支出的8.0%。直接成本为41.72亿美元，间接成本为67.53亿美元。过早死亡导致的生产力损失成本占总成本的比例最大，为52.3%。男性的成本占总成本的90.4%，总计98.77亿美元。这归因于男性较高的吸烟率和较高的医疗成本。癌症成本占总成本的40.0%，造成了最大的疾病负担。
直接吸烟给韩国带来了有害且沉重的经济负担。我们的估算提供了关于吸烟经济负担的最新证据，并强化了实施强有力烟草控制政策和干预措施的理由。
