Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2024;1457:215-235. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-61939-7_12.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was identified as the novel coronavirus that caused a life-threatening viral illness (COVID-19) at the end of 2019. Within a short period of time, this virus spread leading to tremendous loss of life and economic damage. Medications to treat this virus are not yet established, and the process of implementing new strategies for medications is time-consuming. Recent clinical studies revealed the abandonment of the most promising candidates, who later became potential leads. Only through comprehensive study for safety and efficacy the medications, which have already received approval, be repurposed for use in different therapeutic purposes. Natural sources are being used arbitrarily as antiviral drugs and immunity boosters because there are no clear therapies on the horizon. It has long been known that most natural compounds have strong antiviral properties including SARS-CoV-2. Natural remedies have been demonstrated to have inhibitory effects on MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV infections. The non-structural proteins of the virus, such as PLPRO, MPRO, and RdRp, as well as structural proteins like the spike (S) protein, have been demonstrated to have a substantial binding affinity and an inhibitory effect by a variety of natural products, according to in silico research. The virus also demonstrates to be a legitimate target for therapeutic development since it makes use of the host cell's transmembrane ACE2 receptor. In this chapter, we highlight on the potential of alkaloids, phenolic and polyphenolic compounds, flavonoids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, and natural products from marine sources against the human coronavirus via different mode of actions. Most of the studied metabolites act either by inhibiting virus replication or by blocking the active site of the protein of the virus either in silico or ex vivo. This review serves as a topic for further study and to discover other secondary metabolites for COVID-19 management.
严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）被确定为 2019 年底导致危及生命的病毒性疾病（COVID-19）的新型冠状病毒。在很短的时间内，这种病毒传播导致了巨大的生命损失和经济破坏。治疗这种病毒的药物尚未确定，实施新药物策略的过程耗时耗力。最近的临床研究表明，最有希望的候选药物被放弃，后来成为潜在的先导药物。只有通过对已经获得批准的药物进行全面的安全性和疗效研究，才能将其重新用于不同的治疗目的。由于目前尚无明确的治疗方法，因此任意将天然来源用作抗病毒药物和免疫增强剂。人们早就知道，大多数天然化合物都具有很强的抗病毒特性，包括 SARS-CoV-2。天然药物已被证明对 MERS-CoV 和 SARS-CoV 感染具有抑制作用。根据计算机研究，病毒的非结构蛋白，如 PLPRO、MPRO 和 RdRp，以及结构蛋白，如刺突（S）蛋白，已被证明与多种天然产物具有很强的结合亲和力和抑制作用。由于病毒利用宿主细胞的跨膜 ACE2 受体，因此它也是治疗开发的合法目标。在这一章中，我们强调了生物碱、酚类和多酚类化合物、类黄酮、萜类、强心苷和海洋来源的天然产物通过不同的作用方式对人类冠状病毒的潜在作用。大多数研究的代谢物要么通过抑制病毒复制，要么通过在计算机或体外阻断病毒蛋白的活性位点来发挥作用。本综述为进一步研究和发现其他用于 COVID-19 管理的次级代谢物提供了一个主题。
