Xu Chenggong, Chen Yi, Zhao Siyang, Li Deke, Tang Xing, Zhang Haili, Huang Jinxia, Guo Zhiguang, Liu Weimin
State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Chem Rev. 2024 Sep 25;124(18):10435-10508. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00498. Epub 2024 Sep 16.
The mechanical properties of polymer gels devote to emerging devices and machines in fields such as biomedical engineering, flexible bioelectronics, biomimetic actuators, and energy harvesters. Coupling network architectures and interactions has been explored to regulate supportive mechanical characteristics of polymer gels; however, systematic reviews correlating mechanics to interaction forces at the molecular and structural levels remain absent in the field. This review highlights the molecular engineering and structural engineering of polymer gel mechanics and a comprehensive mechanistic understanding of mechanical regulation. Molecular engineering alters molecular architecture and manipulates functional groups/moieties at the molecular level, introducing various interactions and permanent or reversible dynamic bonds as the dissipative energy. Molecular engineering usually uses monomers, cross-linkers, chains, and other additives. Structural engineering utilizes casting methods, solvent phase regulation, mechanochemistry, macromolecule chemical reactions, and biomanufacturing technology to construct and tailor the topological network structures, or heterogeneous modulus compositions. We envision that the perfect combination of molecular and structural engineering may provide a fresh view to extend exciting new perspectives of this burgeoning field. This review also summarizes recent representative applications of polymer gels with excellent mechanical properties. Conclusions and perspectives are also provided from five aspects of concise summary, mechanical mechanism, biofabrication methods, upgraded applications, and synergistic methodology.
聚合物凝胶的机械性能在生物医学工程、柔性生物电子学、仿生致动器和能量收集器等领域的新兴设备和机器中发挥着作用。人们已经探索了耦合网络结构和相互作用来调节聚合物凝胶的支撑机械特性；然而，该领域仍然缺乏将力学与分子和结构水平的相互作用力相关联的系统综述。本综述重点介绍了聚合物凝胶力学的分子工程和结构工程以及对机械调节的全面机理理解。分子工程改变分子结构并在分子水平上操纵官能团/部分，引入各种相互作用以及作为耗散能量的永久或可逆动态键。分子工程通常使用单体、交联剂、链和其他添加剂。结构工程利用浇铸方法、溶剂相调节、机械化学、大分子化学反应和生物制造技术来构建和定制拓扑网络结构或异质模量组成。我们设想分子工程和结构工程的完美结合可能会为拓展这个新兴领域令人兴奋的新视角提供一个全新的观点。本综述还总结了具有优异机械性能的聚合物凝胶的近期代表性应用。还从简要总结、机械机理、生物制造方法、升级应用和协同方法五个方面给出了结论和展望。
