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离子介导的凝聚控制有丝分裂染色体的力学性质。

Ion-mediated condensation controls the mechanics of mitotic chromosomes.

机构信息

Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Center for Chromosome Stability and Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

出版信息

Nat Mater. 2024 Nov;23(11):1556-1562. doi: 10.1038/s41563-024-01975-0. Epub 2024 Sep 16.

DOI:10.1038/s41563-024-01975-0
PMID:39284894
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11525168/
Abstract

During mitosis in eukaryotic cells, mechanical forces generated by the mitotic spindle pull the sister chromatids into the nascent daughter cells. How do mitotic chromosomes achieve the necessary mechanical stiffness and stability to maintain their integrity under these forces? Here we use optical tweezers to show that ions involved in physiological chromosome condensation are crucial for chromosomal stability, stiffness and viscous dissipation. We combine these experiments with high-salt histone depletion and theory to show that chromosomal elasticity originates from the chromatin fibre behaving as a flexible polymer, whereas energy dissipation can be explained by modelling chromatin loops as an entangled polymer solution. Taken together, we show how collective properties of mitotic chromosomes, a biomaterial of incredible complexity, emerge from molecular properties, and how they are controlled by the physico-chemical environment.

摘要

在真核细胞有丝分裂过程中，由纺锤体产生的机械力将姐妹染色单体拉入新形成的子细胞中。有丝分裂染色体如何获得必要的机械刚度和稳定性，以在这些力的作用下保持其完整性？在这里，我们使用光学镊子表明，生理染色体浓缩过程中涉及的离子对于染色体稳定性、刚度和粘性耗散至关重要。我们将这些实验与高盐组蛋白耗竭和理论相结合，表明染色体的弹性源于作为柔性聚合物的染色质纤维，而能量耗散可以通过将染色质环建模为缠结聚合物溶液来解释。总的来说，我们展示了有丝分裂染色体的集体性质如何从分子性质中产生，以及它们如何受到物理化学环境的控制。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/8faa/11525168/8c81cfaf841a/41563_2024_1975_Fig9_ESM.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/8faa/11525168/5dee287c00ea/41563_2024_1975_Fig1_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/8faa/11525168/61e9cde0e717/41563_2024_1975_Fig2_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/8faa/11525168/577bb1abd1d9/41563_2024_1975_Fig3_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/8faa/11525168/8e75fd6f1916/41563_2024_1975_Fig4_ESM.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/8faa/11525168/ad3270cb393b/41563_2024_1975_Fig5_ESM.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/8faa/11525168/bded78dcdf02/41563_2024_1975_Fig6_ESM.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/8faa/11525168/180153b45654/41563_2024_1975_Fig7_ESM.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/8faa/11525168/ce4227e2b720/41563_2024_1975_Fig8_ESM.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/8faa/11525168/8c81cfaf841a/41563_2024_1975_Fig9_ESM.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/8faa/11525168/5dee287c00ea/41563_2024_1975_Fig1_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/8faa/11525168/61e9cde0e717/41563_2024_1975_Fig2_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/8faa/11525168/577bb1abd1d9/41563_2024_1975_Fig3_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/8faa/11525168/8e75fd6f1916/41563_2024_1975_Fig4_ESM.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/8faa/11525168/ad3270cb393b/41563_2024_1975_Fig5_ESM.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/8faa/11525168/bded78dcdf02/41563_2024_1975_Fig6_ESM.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/8faa/11525168/180153b45654/41563_2024_1975_Fig7_ESM.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/8faa/11525168/ce4227e2b720/41563_2024_1975_Fig8_ESM.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/8faa/11525168/8c81cfaf841a/41563_2024_1975_Fig9_ESM.jpg

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本文引用的文献

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Nonlinear mechanics of human mitotic chromosomes.人类有丝分裂染色体的非线性力学。
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Structure of mitotic chromosomes.有丝分裂染色体的结构。
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Mitotic chromosomes.有丝分裂染色体。
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