Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2024 Sep 17;19(9):e0308506. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308506. eCollection 2024.
Over the years, the driver-vehicle interface has been improved, but interacting with in-vehicle features can still increase distraction and affect road safety. This study aims to introduce brain-machine interface (BMI)- based solution to potentially enhance road safety. To achieve this goal, we evaluated visual stimuli properties (SPs) for a steady state visually evoked potentials (SSVEP)-based BMI system. We used a heads-up display (HUD) as the primary screen to present icons for controlling in-vehicle functions such as music, temperature, settings, and navigation. We investigated the effect of various SPs on SSVEP detection performance including the duty cycle and signal-to-noise ratio of visual stimuli, the size, color, and frequency of the icons, and array configuration and location. The experiments were conducted with 10 volunteers and the signals were analyzed using the canonical correlation analysis (CCA), filter bank CCA (FBCCA), and power spectral density analysis (PSDA). Our experimental results suggest that stimuli with a green color, a duty cycle of 50%, presented at a central location, with a size of 36 cm2 elicit a significantly stronger SSVEP response and enhanced SSVEP detection time. We also observed that lower SNR stimuli significantly affect SSVEP detection performance. There was no statistically significant difference observed in SSVEP response between the use of an LCD monitor and a HUD.
多年来，驾驶员-车辆界面已经得到了改善，但与车载功能交互仍然会增加分心并影响道路安全。本研究旨在引入基于脑机接口（BMI）的解决方案，以提高道路安全性。为了实现这一目标，我们评估了基于稳态视觉诱发电位（SSVEP）的 BMI 系统的视觉刺激特性（SP）。我们使用抬头显示器（HUD）作为主要屏幕，显示用于控制车载功能（如音乐、温度、设置和导航）的图标。我们研究了各种 SP 对 SSVEP 检测性能的影响，包括视觉刺激的占空比和信噪比、图标的大小、颜色和频率、以及阵列配置和位置。实验由 10 名志愿者进行，使用典型相关分析（CCA）、滤波器组 CCA（FBCCA）和功率谱密度分析（PSDA）对信号进行分析。我们的实验结果表明，绿色颜色、50%的占空比、呈现在中央位置且大小为 36cm2 的刺激会引发明显更强的 SSVEP 反应并增强 SSVEP 检测时间。我们还观察到，较低的 SNR 刺激会显著影响 SSVEP 检测性能。使用 LCD 显示器和 HUD 之间在 SSVEP 反应方面没有观察到统计学上的显著差异。
