Lu Hong, Ren Meiyan, Lin Rongbin, Jin Kangming, Mao Chuanzao
Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Yazhou District, Sanya, Hainan 572025, China.
State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Plant Physiol. 2024 Dec 2;196(4):2162-2174. doi: 10.1093/plphys/kiae495.
Phosphorus (P), an essential macronutrient, is crucial for plant growth and development. However, available inorganic phosphate (Pi) is often scarce in soil, and its limited mobility exacerbates P deficiency in plants. Plants have developed complex mechanisms to adapt to Pi-limited soils. The root, the primary interface of the plant with soil, plays an essential role in plant adaptation to Pi-limited soil environments. Root system architecture significantly influences Pi acquisition via the dynamic modulation of primary root and/or crown root length, lateral root proliferation and length, root hair development, and root growth angle in response to Pi availability. This review focuses on the physiological, anatomical, and molecular mechanisms underpinning changes in root development in response to Pi starvation in cereals, mainly focusing on the model monocot plant rice (Oryza sativa). We also review recent efforts to modify root architecture to enhance P uptake efficiency in crops and propose future research directions aimed at the genetic improvement of Pi uptake and use efficiency in crops based on root system architecture.
磷（P）作为一种必需的大量营养素，对植物的生长和发育至关重要。然而，土壤中有效无机磷（Pi）往往稀缺，其有限的移动性加剧了植物的磷缺乏。植物已形成复杂机制以适应低磷土壤。根系作为植物与土壤的主要界面，在植物适应低磷土壤环境中起着至关重要的作用。根系结构通过动态调节主根和/或冠根长度、侧根增殖与长度、根毛发育以及根生长角度来响应磷的有效性，从而显著影响磷的获取。本综述聚焦于谷类作物中响应磷饥饿时根系发育变化的生理、解剖和分子机制，主要以模式单子叶植物水稻（Oryza sativa）为研究对象。我们还综述了近期为改良根系结构以提高作物磷吸收效率所做的努力，并基于根系结构提出了未来旨在通过基因改良提高作物磷吸收和利用效率的研究方向。
