Xu Y W, Ding L L, Ye L X, Sun Y X, Wang Y D, Wang S Y
Institute of Immunization Programme, Taizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taizhou 318000,China.
Institute of Immunization Programme, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310000,China.
Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2024 Sep 6;58(9):1360-1366. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20240115-00053.
The objective of this study is to assess the current status of vaccination against respiratory disease among the elderly aged ≥60 and analyze the factors influencing vaccination rates at both service provider and recipient levels in Zhejiang Province. Using a stratified random sampling method, a questionnaire survey was conducted from September 2022 to January 2023 among elderly people aged ≥60 in 30 townships/streets in Zhejiang Province, as well as immunization planning staff at the provincial, municipal, county/district, and township/street levels. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the factors related to vaccination among elderly people in Zhejiang Province. Based on the Zhejiang Provincial Comprehensive Management Information System for Vaccine and Vaccination, the systematic coverage rates of influenza vaccine and pneumonia vaccine for the elderly were 21.76% and 4.57%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that advanced age (=1.74, 95% 1.51-1.99), knowing that influenza is more severe than the common cold (=1.67, 95%: 1.37-2.04) and having heard of the influenza vaccine (=9.78, 95%: 7.03-13.59) were motivating factors for elderly to receive influenza vaccines. Advanced age (=1.71, 95% 1.43-2.06), knowing the serious consequences of pneumonia in the elderly (=1.93, 95%: 1.47-2.55) and knowing that pneumonia vaccines can prevent pneumonia (=6.36, 95%: 4.84-8.36) were motivating factors for elderly to receive pneumonia vaccines. Zhejiang Immunization Program staff believed that the main reasons why the elderly aged ≥60 would not be vaccinated against influenza or pneumonia were that they felt they would not get sick (55.52% and 56.35% respectively), it would not be serious if get sick (47.73% and 37.46% respectively), lacking trust in vaccine efficacy and safety (38.31% and 43.69% respectively). Vaccination rates for influenza and pneumonia vaccines among the elderly aged ≥60 in Zhejiang Province are suboptimal. Advanced age, awareness of the severity of respiratory diseases and awareness of vaccines against such diseases are related factors for elderly individuals to receive influenza and pneumonia vaccines.
本研究的目的是评估浙江省60岁及以上老年人呼吸道疾病疫苗接种的现状，并分析服务提供者和接受者层面影响接种率的因素。采用分层随机抽样方法，于2022年9月至2023年1月对浙江省30个乡镇/街道的60岁及以上老年人以及省、市、县/区和乡镇/街道层面的免疫规划工作人员进行了问卷调查。采用Logistic回归模型分析浙江省老年人疫苗接种的相关因素。基于浙江省疫苗与预防接种综合管理信息系统，老年人流感疫苗和肺炎疫苗的系统接种率分别为21.76%和4.57%。多因素Logistic回归分析表明，高龄（比值比=1.74，95%可信区间：1.51-1.99）、知晓流感比普通感冒严重（比值比=1.67，95%可信区间：1.37-2.04）以及听说过流感疫苗（比值比=9.78，95%可信区间：7.03-13.59）是老年人接种流感疫苗的促进因素。高龄（比值比=1.71，95%可信区间：1.43-2.06）、知晓老年人肺炎的严重后果（比值比=1.93，95%可信区间：1.47-2.55）以及知晓肺炎疫苗可预防肺炎（比值比=6.36，95%可信区间：4.84-8.36）是老年人接种肺炎疫苗的促进因素。浙江省免疫规划工作人员认为，60岁及以上老年人不接种流感或肺炎疫苗的主要原因是他们觉得自己不会生病（分别为55.52%和56.35%）、生病也不严重（分别为47.73%和37.46%）、对疫苗的有效性和安全性缺乏信任（分别为38.31%和43.69%）。浙江省60岁及以上老年人的流感疫苗和肺炎疫苗接种率不理想。高龄、对呼吸道疾病严重程度的认知以及对预防此类疾病疫苗的认知是老年人接种流感和肺炎疫苗的相关因素。
