Ferraioli Giovanna, Barr Richard G
Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Brambilla 74, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
Department of Radiology, Northeastern Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA.
Abdom Radiol (NY). 2025 Mar;50(3):1158-1170. doi: 10.1007/s00261-024-04568-2. Epub 2024 Sep 18.
Chronic liver disease is a world-wide epidemic. Any etiology that causes inflammation in the liver will lead to chronic liver disease. Presently, the most common inciting factor worldwide is steatotic liver disease. Recent advances in ultrasound imaging provide a multiparametric ultrasound methodology of diagnosing, staging, and monitoring treatment of chronic liver disease. Elastography has become a standard of care technique for the evaluation of liver fibrosis. Quantitative ultrasound allows for determination of the degree of fatty infiltration of the liver. Portal hypertension is the most important factor in determination of liver decompensation. B-mode findings combined with Doppler, and elastography techniques provide qualitative and quantitative methods of determining clinically significant portal hypertension. A newer method using contrast enhanced ultrasound may allow for a non-invasive quantitative estimation of the portal pressures. This paper reviews the use of multiparametric ultrasound in the evaluation of chronic liver disease including conventional B-mode ultrasound, Doppler, elastography and quantitative ultrasound for estimation of liver fat. The recent guidelines are presented and advised protocols reviewed.
慢性肝病是一种全球性的流行病。任何导致肝脏炎症的病因都会引发慢性肝病。目前，全球最常见的诱发因素是脂肪性肝病。超声成像的最新进展提供了一种用于诊断、分期和监测慢性肝病治疗的多参数超声方法。弹性成像已成为评估肝纤维化的标准护理技术。定量超声可以确定肝脏脂肪浸润的程度。门静脉高压是决定肝脏失代偿的最重要因素。B超检查结果结合多普勒和弹性成像技术提供了定性和定量确定具有临床意义的门静脉高压的方法。一种使用超声造影的更新方法可能允许对门静脉压力进行无创定量估计。本文综述了多参数超声在慢性肝病评估中的应用，包括传统B超、多普勒、弹性成像和用于估计肝脏脂肪的定量超声。介绍了最新指南并对推荐方案进行了综述。
