Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Science, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, No. 226, Ravand Blv, Kashan, 1416753955, Iran.
Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Curr Nutr Rep. 2024 Dec;13(4):966-971. doi: 10.1007/s13668-024-00577-1. Epub 2024 Sep 18.
Glioma is the most common type of brain cancer, associated with a high mortality rate. Diet is one of the most modifiable factors that can influence the risk of various cancers, including glioma. While the relationship between diet and glioma has been explored in recent years, the number of studies in this area remains limited, and the findings are often controversial. Moreover, all existing studies are observational, which means they may be influenced by a range of confounding variables. In this mini-review, we aim to provide a comprehensive and informative overview of the dietary recommendations related to glioma that have been published to date.
Research suggests that adherence to healthy dietary patterns-such as the Mediterranean diet, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet, Paleolithic diet, high-protein dietary patterns, and vegetarian dietary patterns-may be associated with a reduced risk of glioma. These diets are rich in phytochemicals and antioxidants. Additionally, certain food groups, including fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts, eggs, fresh fish, tea, and coffee, are emphasized for their protective effects against glioma. Conversely, adherence to unhealthy dietary patterns, such as the Western diet, or diets with high inflammatory potential, glycemic and insulinemic loads, and high consumption of grains (especially refined grains), processed meats, and processed fish, has been linked to an increased risk of glioma. Current studies suggest that following a healthy diet may reduce the odds of developing glioma. However, due to the limited number of studies and the observational nature of the existing research, further investigations with more robust designs, such as randomized controlled trials, are needed to clarify these associations.
脑胶质瘤是最常见的脑癌类型，死亡率较高。饮食是影响多种癌症风险的最可改变因素之一，包括脑胶质瘤。近年来，人们已经探讨了饮食与脑胶质瘤之间的关系，但该领域的研究数量仍然有限，研究结果也常常存在争议。此外，所有现有研究均为观察性研究，这意味着它们可能受到一系列混杂因素的影响。在本篇迷你综述中，我们旨在提供迄今为止发表的与脑胶质瘤相关的饮食建议的全面且有信息量的概述。
研究表明，遵循健康的饮食模式，如地中海饮食、停止高血压的饮食方法（DASH）、地中海- DASH 干预神经退行性延迟（MIND）饮食、原始饮食、高蛋白饮食模式和素食饮食模式，可能与降低脑胶质瘤风险有关。这些饮食富含植物化学物质和抗氧化剂。此外，某些食物组，包括水果、蔬菜、豆类、坚果、鸡蛋、新鲜鱼类、茶和咖啡，因其对预防脑胶质瘤的保护作用而受到重视。相反，遵循不健康的饮食模式，如西方饮食或具有高炎症潜能、血糖和胰岛素负荷以及大量谷物（尤其是精制谷物）、加工肉类和加工鱼类摄入的饮食模式，与脑胶质瘤风险增加有关。目前的研究表明，遵循健康饮食可能降低患脑胶质瘤的几率。然而，由于研究数量有限且现有研究的观察性质，需要进行更多具有稳健设计的研究，如随机对照试验，以阐明这些关联。
