1Chronic Cardiovascular Disease Management Unit and Heart Failure Unit,St Vincent's Healthcare Group/St Michael's Hospital,County Dublin,Republic of Ireland.
Nutr Res Rev. 2019 Jun;32(1):1-27. doi: 10.1017/S0954422418000148. Epub 2018 Aug 16.
Growing evidence has emerged about the role of dietary patterns and components in heart failure (HF) incidence and severity. The objective here is to provide a comprehensive summary of the current evidence regarding dietary patterns/components and HF. A comprehensive search of online databases was conducted using multiple relevant keywords to identify relevant human studies. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and Mediterranean diets have consistently been associated with decreased HF incidence and severity. Regarding specific dietary components, fruit, vegetables, legumes and whole grains appear beneficial. Current evidence suggests that red/processed meats, eggs and refined carbohydrates are harmful, while fish, dairy products and poultry remain controversial. However, there is a notable lack of human intervention trials. The existing but limited observational and interventional evidence from human studies suggests that a plant-based dietary pattern high in antioxidants, micronutrients, nitrate and fibre but low in saturated/trans-fat and Na may decrease HF incidence/severity. Potential mechanisms include decreased oxidative stress, homocysteine and inflammation but higher antioxidant defence and NO bioavailability and gut microbiome modulation. Randomised, controlled trials are urgently required.
越来越多的证据表明，饮食模式和成分在心力衰竭（HF）的发生和严重程度中起着重要作用。本研究旨在全面总结目前关于饮食模式/成分与 HF 的相关证据。通过使用多个相关关键词，对在线数据库进行了全面搜索，以确定相关的人体研究。膳食防治高血压（DASH）和地中海饮食与 HF 发生率和严重程度降低有关。关于特定的饮食成分，水果、蔬菜、豆类和全谷物似乎有益。目前的证据表明，红色/加工肉类、鸡蛋和精制碳水化合物有害，而鱼类、奶制品和家禽仍存在争议。然而，目前缺乏人体干预试验。现有的但有限的来自人体研究的观察性和干预性证据表明，富含抗氧化剂、微量营养素、硝酸盐和纤维但饱和/反式脂肪和钠含量低的植物性饮食模式可能会降低 HF 的发生率/严重程度。潜在的机制包括降低氧化应激、同型半胱氨酸和炎症，但提高抗氧化防御和一氧化氮生物利用度以及肠道微生物组调节。目前迫切需要进行随机对照试验。
