Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
Institute of Basic and Clinical Medicine, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Virology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, 157 Jinbi Road, Kunming, 650100, China.
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2024 Dec;43(12):2259-2268. doi: 10.1007/s10096-024-04945-1. Epub 2024 Sep 18.
We aimed to determine the changes in the frequency of respiratory pathogens and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during containment of the 2019 coronavirus disease pandemic and elucidate the epidemiological interference that may have occurred after lifting pandemic measures.
A total of 4,770 Nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected from children with ARTIs from the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province between January 2022 and December 2023 and subjected to nucleic acid testing for 13 types of respiratory pathogens and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
The frequency of pathogens among children from 2020 to 2022 was in the following order: HRV > Mp > HADV > H3N2 > HMPV and HRV > HRSV > HPIV > H1N1 > H3N2. In weeks 1 to 3 of 2023, the frequency of pathogens significantly declined, and then H1N1 rebounded significantly in 2023. HRV, HRSV, and H3N2 showed a shift in the season of high frequency. Patterns of multi-pathogen infections were more complex in 2023 than in 2022, with HRV having a higher frequency and co-infection rate than other pathogens. These changes may have been associated with interference caused by the resurgence of SARS-CoV-2 prevalence, in addition to being influenced by changes in pandemic containment and lifting measures.
The frequency rate of common respiratory pathogens among children was not significantly different and remained high. The study findings help elucidate the aforementioned unique historical period and effectively control respiratory tract infections to reduce the harm to pediatric health caused by respiratory pathogens.
本研究旨在明确 2019 冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行期间呼吸道病原体和严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）的流行频率变化，并阐明大流行措施解除后可能发生的流行病学干扰。
2022 年 1 月至 2023 年 12 月，我们共收集了云南省第一人民医院收治的急性呼吸道感染（ARTI）患儿的 4770 份鼻咽拭子样本，采用核酸检测方法对 13 种呼吸道病原体和 SARS-CoV-2 进行检测。
2020-2022 年儿童病原体流行频率依次为 HRV＞Mp＞HADV＞H3N2＞HMPV 和 HRV＞HRSV＞HPIV＞H1N1＞H3N2。2023 年第 1-3 周病原体流行频率显著下降，第 4 周后 H1N1 明显反弹。HRV、HRSV 和 H3N2 的高发季节发生变化。2023 年多病原体感染模式较 2022 年更为复杂，HRV 的流行频率和混合感染率均高于其他病原体。这些变化可能与 SARS-CoV-2 流行率再次上升引起的干扰有关，此外还受到大流行控制和解除措施变化的影响。
儿童常见呼吸道病原体的流行率无显著差异且仍较高。本研究结果有助于阐明上述独特的历史时期，并有效控制呼吸道感染，减少呼吸道病原体对儿童健康的危害。
