Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Calkiní. 24900, Calkiní, Campeche, México.
Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias. 97100, Mérida, Yucatán, México.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2024 Sep 18;56(8):260. doi: 10.1007/s11250-024-04142-4.
Maternal effects in cattle genetics are defined as the causal influence of the phenotype or maternal genotype on the offspring's phenotype by effects occurring when the genetic and environmental characteristics of the mother influence the phenotype of the offspring beyond the direct inheritance of genes. Its relevance has been strongly described in genetic models focused on the genetic improvement of preweaning traits in cow-calf beef cattle production systems. Here, basic concepts and the importance of maternal effects when using linear and animal model procedures for genetic evaluations of growth and live-weight traits in beef cattle are reviewed and discussed. A brief history of estimation methods from classical studies to recent studies used for the development of animal models for studying maternal effects is also provided. Some important biometric concepts for maternal effect estimation are described, and the antagonism between direct genetic effects and maternal effects, its biological basis, and sources of error in the estimation of direct genetic and maternal covariance are discussed. Finally, some genomic perspectives are presented.
母体的表型或母体基因型通过在遗传和环境特性影响后代表型的同时，超越基因的直接遗传，对后代表型产生因果影响。在专注于提高牛-犊牛牛肉生产系统中，新生前特性遗传改良的遗传模型中，母体遗传效应的相关性得到了强烈描述。在这里，讨论并回顾了在使用线性和动物模型程序对牛肉生长和活体重量特性进行遗传评估时，母体遗传效应的基本概念和重要性。还提供了从经典研究到最近的研究中用于开发研究母体遗传效应的动物模型的估计方法的简要历史。描述了一些母体遗传效应估计的重要生物计量概念，并讨论了直接遗传效应和母体遗传效应之间的拮抗作用、其生物学基础以及直接遗传和母体协方差估计中的误差来源。最后，提出了一些基因组观点。
