Department of Geography, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America.
National Sea Grant Law Center, University of Mississippi School of Law, Oxford, Mississippi, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2024 Sep 18;19(9):e0310602. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0310602. eCollection 2024.
Marine aquaculture (mariculture), the farming of marine species, is currently a relatively small contributor to the United States' seafood industry. There is tremendous potential for growth in this sector and increasing interest in advancing the industry through supportive federal and state policies as well as concerns about how to best manage potential negative impacts or unsustainable development. While some mariculture is conducted in land-based tanks as well as saltwater ponds, and there are pilot projects and ongoing applications to commence mariculture operations in federal waters, the majority of mariculture activities occur within state waters (typically, 3 nautical miles, or 5.5 kilometers, from shore) and are largely managed by state-level policies and regulations. The policy mechanisms by which each of the 23 coastal states manages their respective mariculture industries are quite varied, making it difficult to identify policy trends and assess which approaches may be enabling or impeding the development of the sector. As such, we present the State Marine Aquaculture Policy Dashboard: a publicly-available, living database collating state-level policy and legislative data related to the management of the mariculture industry. This centralized, accessible catalog of laws, policies, regulations, and initiatives is a valuable resource for understanding the current landscape of state mariculture policy frameworks in the U.S. and can create opportunities for policy transfers and collaboration across states as they seek to manage their industries.
水产养殖（海水养殖）是目前美国海产品行业中相对较小的一个分支。该行业具有巨大的发展潜力，人们越来越关注通过联邦和州的政策来支持该行业的发展，同时也关注如何最好地管理潜在的负面影响或不可持续的发展。虽然一些水产养殖是在陆基水箱和咸水池塘中进行的，并且有试点项目和正在进行的申请，以开始在联邦水域进行水产养殖作业，但大多数水产养殖活动都在州内水域（通常距离海岸 3 海里或 5.5 公里）进行，并且主要由州一级的政策和法规管理。美国 23 个沿海州管理各自水产养殖行业的政策机制差异很大，这使得很难确定政策趋势，并评估哪些方法可能有利于或阻碍该行业的发展。因此，我们提出了“州海洋水产养殖政策仪表板”：一个公开的、可用的、实时数据库，用于收集与水产养殖行业管理相关的州级政策和立法数据。这个集中的、易于访问的法律、政策、法规和计划目录是了解美国州级水产养殖政策框架现状的宝贵资源，并且可以为各州在管理其产业时进行政策转移和合作创造机会。
