Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health Research (Retired), UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Human Reproductive Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
J Adolesc Health. 2024 Oct;75(4S):S9-S19. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.04.015.
This review considers trends in some of the major adolescent health outcomes and contextual influences since 2010, and explores the relevance of recent cultural, societal, and public health developments on adolescent well-being.
Based on a review of major reports published since 2010, we identified key topics of impact on adolescent health and development across several domains (education, economic opportunity, sexual and reproductive health, nutrition, and mental health) and ecological levels (from individual- to macro-level influences). Within these areas, we synthesized findings to describe recent trends, noting variation across countries/regions, gender/sex, and other social stratifications when possible.
Since 2010, progress in several areas of sexual and reproductive health has been most striking, with notable global declines in female genital mutilation/cutting, child marriage, HIV transmission, and adolescent childbearing. Participation and retention in school has increased, although the COVID-19 pandemic interrupted positive progress for many adolescents and contributed to social isolation and economic insecurity. The mental health and nutrition domains have clear challenges. Increased internalizing mental health issues have been observed cross-culturally, especially among girls. The prevalence of anemia has remained stagnant, while overweight and obesity rates are rising. Within domains, we highlight uneven progress across and within countries.
Based on recent successes and emerging challenges in adolescent well-being, we find that more and better research is needed that consistently takes an intersectional perspective, and critically, action must be taken to consolidate the gains in sexual and reproductive health and extend them to other areas of adolescent health.
本综述考虑了 2010 年以来一些主要青少年健康结果和背景影响的趋势，并探讨了最近文化、社会和公共卫生发展对青少年福祉的相关性。
基于对 2010 年以来发表的主要报告的审查，我们确定了对青少年健康和发展具有影响的几个领域（教育、经济机会、性与生殖健康、营养和心理健康）和生态层次（从个体到宏观层次的影响）的关键议题。在这些领域内，我们综合了研究结果，以描述最近的趋势，并注意到不同国家/地区、性别/性别以及其他社会分层的差异。
自 2010 年以来，性与生殖健康领域的进展最为显著，全球女性生殖器官切割、童婚、艾滋病毒传播和青少年生育的比例显著下降。入学率和保留率有所提高，尽管 COVID-19 大流行中断了许多青少年的积极进展，并导致社会隔离和经济不安全。心理健康和营养领域存在明显挑战。跨文化观察到内化心理健康问题的增加，尤其是在女孩中。贫血的患病率仍然停滞不前，而超重和肥胖的比例正在上升。在各个领域内，我们强调了各国之间和内部进展的不平衡。
根据最近青少年福祉的成功和新出现的挑战，我们发现需要更多和更好的研究，这些研究要始终从交叉的角度出发，而且必须采取行动巩固在性与生殖健康方面的成果，并将其扩展到青少年健康的其他领域。
