Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Department of Mental Health Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Sci Rep. 2024 Sep 18;14(1):21817. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-72930-x.
Studies on the prevalence and factors of depression, and anxiety symptoms from a work-ascribed or causal perspective are not available and studies on the prevalence of occupational stress in Ethiopia are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of occupational depression, job anxiety, and occupational stress, and to identify their determinants in healthcare workers. We conducted a multicenter cross-sectional study in selected public hospitals in the Central and Southern Ethiopia from 16th January to 28th February 2023. We used stratified random sampling to select 9 public hospitals from three strata: primary, general and tertiary hospitals. We collected data using scales of perceived occupational stress, occupational depression inventory, and job anxiety. We performed a confirmatory factor analysis followed by determining the prevalence of those mental symptoms and identifying independent factors using multiple ordinal logistic regression. Among 1426 healthcare workers, the overall prevalence of occupational depressive, job anxiety, and occupational stress symptoms were 39.0%, 57.6%, and 68.0%, respectively. Females, medical specialists, participants with a history of disease or injury, those with low job dissatisfaction, higher sleeping disorder scores, higher life-threatening events (LTEs) scores, and longer working hours were more likely to report occupational depressive symptoms. Participants with poor perceived health significantly increased the odds of reporting job anxiety symptoms. Participants with low job satisfaction, a history of workplace verbal violence, higher scores for sleep disorders, and higher LTEs score had significantly greater odds of reporting both job anxiety and occupational stress symptoms. Younger participants were also more likely to report occupational stress symptoms. Our study highlights the need to prioritize workplace mental health interventions for healthcare workers. The study also suggested the need to address gender, educational level, job satisfaction, and sleep hygiene, develop coping mechanisms for LTEs, prevent workplace violence, and manage of working hours per week to enhance the mental well-being of healthcare workers in Ethiopia.
目前尚无从工作归因或因果角度研究抑郁和焦虑症状的流行情况和相关因素，且埃塞俄比亚职业压力的研究也十分有限。因此，本研究旨在确定医疗保健工作者中职业性抑郁、工作焦虑和职业压力的流行情况，并确定其决定因素。我们于 2023 年 1 月 16 日至 2 月 28 日在埃塞俄比亚中部和南部的选定公立医院进行了一项多中心横断面研究。我们使用分层随机抽样从三个层次（初级、综合和三级医院）中选择了 9 家公立医院。我们使用职业压力感知量表、职业性抑郁量表和工作焦虑量表收集数据。我们进行了验证性因子分析，随后使用多序次逻辑回归确定这些精神症状的流行情况和识别独立因素。在 1426 名医疗保健工作者中，职业性抑郁、工作焦虑和职业压力症状的总患病率分别为 39.0%、57.6%和 68.0%。女性、医学专家、患有疾病或受伤史、工作不满度低、睡眠障碍评分高、生命威胁事件（LTEs）评分高和工作时间长的参与者更有可能报告职业性抑郁症状。感知健康状况较差的参与者报告工作焦虑症状的几率显著增加。工作满意度低、有工作场所言语暴力史、睡眠障碍评分高和 LTEs 评分高的参与者报告工作焦虑和职业压力症状的几率显著更高。年轻的参与者也更有可能报告职业压力症状。本研究强调了需要优先考虑医疗保健工作者的工作场所心理健康干预措施。研究还表明，需要解决性别、教育水平、工作满意度和睡眠卫生问题，为 LTEs 开发应对机制，预防工作场所暴力，并管理每周工作时间，以提高埃塞俄比亚医疗保健工作者的心理健康水平。
