Cheng Samantha H, Costedoat Sebastien, Sterling Eleanor J, Chamberlain Catherine, Jagadish Arundhati, Lichtenthal Peter, Nowakowski A Justin, Taylor Auset, Tinsman Jen, Canty Steven W J, Holland Margaret B, Jones Kelly W, Mills Morena, Morales-Hidalgo David, Sprenkle-Hyppolite Starry, Wiggins Meredith, Mascia Michael B, Muñoz Brenes Carlos L
Center for Biodiversity and Conservation, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA.
Moore Center for Science, Conservation International, Arlington, VA, USA.
Environ Evid. 2022 Apr 19;11(1):15. doi: 10.1186/s13750-022-00268-w.
Natural climate solutions (NCS)-actions to conserve, restore, and modify natural and modified ecosystems to increase carbon storage or avoid greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions-are increasingly regarded as important pathways for climate change mitigation, while contributing to our global conservation efforts, overall planetary resilience, and sustainable development goals. Recently, projections posit that terrestrial-based NCS can potentially capture or avoid the emission of at least 11 Gt (gigatons) of carbon dioxide equivalent a year, or roughly encompassing one third of the emissions reductions needed to meet the Paris Climate Agreement goals by 2030. NCS interventions also purport to provide co-benefits such as improved productivity and livelihoods from sustainable natural resource management, protection of locally and culturally important natural areas, and downstream climate adaptation benefits. Attention on implementing NCS to address climate change across global and national agendas has grown-however, clear understanding of which types of NCS interventions have undergone substantial study versus those that require additional evidence is still lacking. This study aims to conduct a systematic map to collate and describe the current state, distribution, and methods used for evidence on the links between NCS interventions and climate change mitigation outcomes within tropical and sub-tropical terrestrial ecosystems. Results of this study can be used to inform program and policy design and highlight critical knowledge gaps where future evaluation, research, and syntheses are needed.
To develop this systematic map, we will search two bibliographic databases (including 11 indices) and 67 organization websites, backward citation chase from 39 existing evidence syntheses, and solicit information from key informants. All searches will be conducted in English and encompass subtropical and tropical terrestrial ecosystems (forests, grasslands, mangroves, agricultural areas). Search results will be screened at title and abstract, and full text levels, recording both the number of excluded articles and reasons for exclusion. Key meta-data from included articles will be coded and reported in a narrative review that will summarize trends in the evidence base, assess gaps in knowledge, and provide insights for policy, practice, and research. The data from this systematic map will be made open access.
自然气候解决方案（NCS）——即保护、恢复和改造自然及经改造的生态系统以增加碳储存或避免温室气体（GHG）排放的行动——日益被视为缓解气候变化的重要途径，同时有助于我们的全球保护工作、整体地球恢复力以及可持续发展目标。最近的预测表明，基于陆地的NCS每年有可能捕获或避免至少110亿吨二氧化碳当量的排放，约占实现2030年《巴黎气候协定》目标所需减排量的三分之一。NCS干预措施还旨在提供协同效益，例如通过可持续自然资源管理提高生产力和改善生计、保护具有地方和文化重要性的自然区域以及带来下游气候适应效益。在全球和国家议程中，对实施NCS以应对气候变化的关注与日俱增——然而，对于哪些类型的NCS干预措施已得到充分研究，哪些还需要更多证据，仍缺乏清晰的认识。本研究旨在绘制一份系统图谱，以整理和描述热带和亚热带陆地生态系统中NCS干预措施与缓解气候变化成果之间联系的现有证据的现状、分布及所用方法。本研究结果可用于为项目和政策设计提供信息，并突出未来评估、研究和综合分析所需填补的关键知识空白。
为绘制此系统图谱，我们将搜索两个文献数据库（包括11个索引）和67个组织网站，对39篇现有证据综述进行反向引文追踪，并向关键信息提供者征求信息。所有搜索均用英文进行，涵盖亚热带和热带陆地生态系统（森林、草原、红树林、农业区）。搜索结果将在标题、摘要和全文层面进行筛选，记录排除文章的数量及排除原因。纳入文章的关键元数据将进行编码，并在一篇叙述性综述中报告，该综述将总结证据基础的趋势、评估知识空白，并为政策、实践和研究提供见解。此系统图谱的数据将开放获取。
