Programa de Becas Post-doctorales, Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
Front Immunol. 2024 Sep 4;15:1392077. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1392077. eCollection 2024.
Microglia are highly dynamic cells that have been mainly studied under pathological conditions. The present review discusses the possible implication of microglia as modulators of neuronal electrical responses in physiological conditions and hypothesizes how these cells might modulate hypothalamic circuits in health and during obesity. Microglial cells studied under physiological conditions are highly diverse, depending on the developmental stage and brain region. The evidence also suggests that neuronal electrical activity modulates microglial motility to control neuronal excitability. Additionally, we show that the expression of genes associated with neuron-microglia interaction is down-regulated in obese mice compared to control-fed mice, suggesting an alteration in the contact-dependent mechanisms that sustain hypothalamic arcuate-median eminence neuronal function. We also discuss the possible implication of microglial-derived signals for the excitability of hypothalamic neurons during homeostasis and obesity. This review emphasizes the importance of studying the physiological interplay between microglia and neurons to maintain proper neuronal circuit function. It aims to elucidate how disruptions in the normal activities of microglia can adversely affect neuronal health.
小胶质细胞是高度动态的细胞，主要在病理条件下进行研究。本综述讨论了小胶质细胞作为神经元电反应调节剂在生理条件下的可能作用，并假设这些细胞如何在健康和肥胖期间调节下丘脑回路。在生理条件下研究的小胶质细胞具有高度的多样性，取决于发育阶段和脑区。证据还表明，神经元电活动调节小胶质细胞的运动，以控制神经元兴奋性。此外，我们表明，与对照喂养的小鼠相比，肥胖小鼠中与神经元-小胶质细胞相互作用相关的基因表达下调，这表明维持下丘脑弓状-正中隆起神经元功能的接触依赖性机制发生了改变。我们还讨论了小胶质细胞衍生信号在维持生理平衡和肥胖期间对下丘脑神经元兴奋性的可能影响。本综述强调了研究小胶质细胞和神经元之间生理相互作用以维持适当的神经元回路功能的重要性。它旨在阐明小胶质细胞正常活动的中断如何对神经元健康产生不利影响。
