Barnes Curt H, Abdulaziz Ungku Zafirah, Kaenphet Arwut, Kanlayanapaphon Chatchai
Walailak University Nakhon Si Thammarat Thailand.
Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM Penang Malaysia.
Ecol Evol. 2024 Sep 18;14(9):e70317. doi: 10.1002/ece3.70317. eCollection 2024 Sep.
More than 240 species of snake have been described from Thailand, yet basic natural history and ecology for this group of animals remains scarce in human disturbed environments despite conservation and human medical significance of them in these habitats. We studied snake diversity at Walailak University from March to December 2023, the largest university campus in Thailand (1525 hectares) through standardized walking surveys, opportunistic notifications and observation, road surveys, and traps and evaluated diversity using the Shannon diversity index (), Pielou's evenness of species (), detection probabilities (), and occupancy probabilities (ψ). We observed 195 snakes (21 species, 7 families) at Walailak University and overall snake diversity ( = 2.60) and evenness ( = 0.85) were quite high, although specific site diversity (range = 0-1.94) and evenness (range = 0.67-0.91) within the university were variable. The probability of detecting snakes (range = .10-.40) increased with increasing humidity and decreased with increasing amount of rain, temperature, and wind; site occupancy probability decreased with increased canopy height and increased with increased distance to buildings, increased canopy height loss, increased distance to roads, and increased distance to water. Our findings of relatively high snake diversity, presence of snake species potentially dangerous to humans (six species), and protected snake species (Thailand WARPA and international CITES, five species) suggest significant potential for conservation and further research at Walailak University and other campuses in Thailand.
泰国已被描述的蛇类超过240种，但尽管这些动物在人类干扰环境中的保护意义和对人类医学的重要性，关于它们的基本自然史和生态学在这类环境中仍然稀缺。我们于2023年3月至12月在泰国最大的大学校园瓦莱拉大学（1525公顷）研究了蛇类多样性，通过标准化的步行调查、机会性报告与观察、道路调查以及陷阱，并使用香农多样性指数（）、皮洛物种均匀度（）、检测概率（）和占有概率（ψ）来评估多样性。我们在瓦莱拉大学观察到195条蛇（21种，7科），总体蛇类多样性（=2.60）和均匀度（=0.85）相当高，尽管校内特定地点的多样性（范围=0 - 1.94）和均匀度（范围=0.67 - 0.91）有所不同。检测到蛇的概率（范围=0.10 - 0.40）随着湿度增加而增加，随着降雨量、温度和风的增加而降低；地点占有概率随着树冠高度增加而降低，随着与建筑物距离增加、树冠高度损失增加、与道路距离增加以及与水距离增加而增加。我们关于蛇类多样性相对较高、存在对人类有潜在危险的蛇种（6种）以及受保护蛇种（泰国WARPA和国际CITES，5种）的研究结果表明，瓦莱拉大学和泰国其他校园在保护和进一步研究方面具有巨大潜力。
