Babcock Matthew C, El-Kurd Omar B, Bagley James R, Linder Braxton A, Stute Nina L, Jeong Soolim, Vondrasek Joseph D, Watso Joseph C, Robinson Austin T, Grosicki Gregory J
Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States.
Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, United States.
J Appl Physiol (1985). 2024 Nov 1;137(5):1257-1266. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00412.2024. Epub 2024 Sep 19.
Ultramarathon participation is growing in popularity and exposes runners to unique stressors including extreme temperatures, high altitude, and exceedingly long exercise duration. However, the acute effects of ultramarathon participation on the cardiovascular system are not well understood. To determine the acute effects of trail ultramarathon participation on central artery stiffness and hemodynamics, 41 participants (9 F, 32 M) participating in the 2023 Western States Endurance Run underwent measures of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) and pulse wave analysis pre- and <1 h post-race. Subendocardial viability ratio (SEVR) was calculated from central blood pressure (BP) waveforms. Serum was analyzed for creatine kinase (CK) activity as a measure of muscle damage. Normally distributed data are presented as means ± standard deviation (SD), and nonnormally distributed data are presented as median (interquartile range). Runners were middle-aged and generally lean [age = 44 ± 9 yr, body mass index (BMI) = 22.7 ± 1.8 kg·m]. There was no difference in cf-PWV from pre- to post-race (pre = 6.4 ± 1.0, post = 6.2 ± 0.85 m/s, = 0.104), a finding that persisted after adjusting for mean arterial pressure ( = 0.563). Systolic and diastolic BPs were lower post-race (pre = 129/77 ± 9/7, post = 122/74 ± 10/8 mmHg, < 0.001). Augmentation index (AIx; pre = 17.3 ± 12.2, post = 6.0 ± 13.7%, < 0.001), AIx normalized to a heart rate of 75 beats/min ( = 0.043), reflection magnitude (pre = 55.5(49.0-60.8), post = 45.5(41.8-48.8)%, < 0.001), and SEVR (pre = 173.0(158.0-190.0), post = 127.5(116.5-145.8)%, < 0.001) were reduced post-race. CK increased markedly from pre- to post-race (pre = 111(85-162), post = 11,973(5,049-17,954) U/L, < 0.001). Completing a 161-km trail ultramarathon does not affect central arterial stiffness and acutely reduces BP despite eliciting profound muscle damage. However, the reduced post-race SEVR suggests a short-term mismatch between myocardial work and coronary artery perfusion. Ultramarathon participation is growing dramatically. However, the acute cardiovascular effects of completing a 161-km trail ultramarathon remain unknown. We examined the acute effects of completing the 2023 Western States Endurance Run on arterial stiffness and central hemodynamics in a relatively large sample of males and females. We observed dramatic postexercise hypotension, reductions in reflected wave amplitude and reduced subendocardial viability ratio post-race. These findings suggest that ultramarathon participation has few negative effects on cardiovascular health.
超级马拉松运动的参与度日益提高，跑步者会面临独特的压力源，包括极端温度、高海拔和超长的运动持续时间。然而，超级马拉松运动对心血管系统的急性影响尚未得到充分了解。为了确定参加越野超级马拉松对中心动脉僵硬度和血流动力学的急性影响，41名参与者（9名女性，32名男性）参加了2023年西部各州耐力跑，在赛前和赛后<1小时进行了颈股脉搏波速度（cf-PWV）测量和脉搏波分析。从中心血压（BP）波形计算心内膜下活力比（SEVR）。分析血清肌酸激酶（CK）活性作为肌肉损伤的指标。正态分布数据以均值±标准差（SD）表示，非正态分布数据以中位数（四分位间距）表示。跑步者为中年且一般体型偏瘦[年龄=44±9岁，体重指数（BMI）=22.7±1.8kg·m²]。赛前至赛后cf-PWV无差异（赛前=6.4±1.0，赛后=6.2±0.85m/s，P=0.104），在校正平均动脉压后该结果依然存在（P=0.563）。赛后收缩压和舒张压降低（赛前=129/77±9/7，赛后=122/74±10/8mmHg，P<0.001）。增压指数（AIx；赛前=17.3±12.2，赛后=6.0±13.7%，P<0.001）、校正至心率75次/分钟的AIx（P=0.043）、反射幅度（赛前=55.5(49.0 - 60.8)，赛后=45.5(41.8 - 48.8)%，P<0.001）和SEVR（赛前=173.0(158.0 - 190.0)，赛后=127.5(116.5 - 145.8)%，P<0.001）赛后均降低。CK从赛前到赛后显著升高（赛前=111(85 - 162)，赛后=11,973(5,049 - 17,954)U/L，P<0.001）。完成161公里的越野超级马拉松虽会引发严重肌肉损伤，但并不影响中心动脉僵硬度且会急性降低血压。然而，赛后SEVR降低表明心肌做功与冠状动脉灌注之间存在短期不匹配。超级马拉松运动的参与度正在急剧增长。然而，完成161公里越野超级马拉松的急性心血管影响仍不清楚。我们在相对较大的男性和女性样本中研究了完成2023年西部各州耐力跑对动脉僵硬度和中心血流动力学的急性影响。我们观察到运动后显著低血压、反射波幅度降低以及赛后心内膜下活力比降低。这些发现表明参加超级马拉松对心血管健康几乎没有负面影响。
