Department of Economics, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkiye; Department of Economics, College of Political Science and Economics, Korea University, Seoul, 02481, South Korea; Clinic of Economics, Azerbaijan State University of Economics (UNEC), Baku, Azerbaijan; Advance Research Centre, European University of Lefke, Lefke, Northern Cyprus, TR-10, Mersin, Turkiye; Department of Economics, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Türkiye.
Indian Institute of Management Bodh Gaya (IIM Bodh Gaya), Bodh Gaya, 824234, Gaya, Bihar, India.
J Environ Manage. 2024 Nov;370:122518. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122518. Epub 2024 Sep 18.
The ecological footprint (EF) has become one of the leading indicators for environmental assessments. The EF is an indicator that is at the center of researchers' interest in empirical analysis, as it simultaneously reflects air, water, and soil pollution. Analyzing the six sub-components of the EF is essential for assessing the environmental pressures from forestry, construction, fisheries, agriculture, and livestock, as well as for remediating these pressures. In this context, this study examines the impact of income, globalization, and technological progress (represented by patents) on the EF and its subcomponents for the BRICS countries over the period 1992-2020. The BRICS countries are of critical importance to this study as major countries in the global economic and environmental landscape. The study employs the panel LM cointegration test and the common correlated effects estimator. The results show that economic expansion augments ecological, carbon, and built-up land footprints and that patents have no significant impact on the EF indicators. On the contrary, globalization is a factor that reduces five of the seven EF indicators. A robustness check performed with a half-panel jackknife confirms the analysis findings. These results suggest that BRICS policymakers should harmonize economic development and ecology while making greater use of the environmental benefits of globalization.
生态足迹 (EF) 已成为环境评估的主要指标之一。EF 是研究人员在实证分析中关注的中心指标，因为它同时反映了空气、水和土壤污染。分析 EF 的六个子成分对于评估林业、建筑、渔业、农业和畜牧业的环境压力以及缓解这些压力至关重要。在这种情况下，本研究考察了收入、全球化和技术进步（以专利为代表）对金砖国家 1992-2020 年期间 EF 及其子成分的影响。金砖国家在本研究中至关重要，因为它们是全球经济和环境格局中的主要国家。该研究采用面板 LM 协整检验和共同相关效应估计。结果表明，经济扩张增加了生态、碳和建成土地足迹，而专利对 EF 指标没有显著影响。相反，全球化是减少 EF 七个指标中的五个的因素。用半面板刀切法进行的稳健性检验证实了分析结果。这些结果表明，金砖国家政策制定者应该在协调经济发展和生态的同时，更好地利用全球化的环境效益。
