Sarasso Pietro, Tschacher Wolfgang, Schoeller Felix, Francesetti Gianni, Roubal Jan, Gecele Michela, Sacco Katiuscia, Ronga Irene
Brain Plasticity and Behaviour Changes Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
Department of Experimental Psychology, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Phys Life Rev. 2024 Dec;51:64-84. doi: 10.1016/j.plrev.2024.09.005. Epub 2024 Sep 6.
This paper reviews biophysical models of psychotherapeutic change based on synergetics and the free energy principle. These models suggest that introducing sensory surprise into the patient-therapist system can lead to self-organization and the formation of new attractor states, disrupting entrenched patterns of thoughts, emotions, and behaviours. We propose that the therapist can facilitate this process by cultivating epistemic trust and modulating embodied attention to allow surprising affective states to enter shared awareness. Transient increases in free energy enable the update of generative models, expanding the range of experiences available within the patient-therapist phenomenal field. We hypothesize that patterns of disorganization at behavioural and physiological levels, indexed by increased entropy, complexity, and lower determinism, are key markers and predictors of psychotherapeutic gains. Future research should investigate how the therapist's openness to novelty shapes therapeutic outcomes.
本文综述了基于协同学和自由能原理的心理治疗变化的生物物理模型。这些模型表明，将感官惊喜引入患者-治疗师系统可导致自组织和新吸引子状态的形成，打破根深蒂固的思维、情感和行为模式。我们提出，治疗师可以通过培养认知信任和调节具身注意力，让令人惊讶的情感状态进入共享意识，从而促进这一过程。自由能的短暂增加能够更新生成模型，扩大患者-治疗师现象场中可用的体验范围。我们假设，以熵增加、复杂性增加和较低的确定性为指标的行为和生理层面的紊乱模式是心理治疗获益的关键标志和预测指标。未来的研究应调查治疗师对新奇事物的开放性如何塑造治疗结果。
