INRAE, ISP, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France.
Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Commun Biol. 2024 Sep 20;7(1):1185. doi: 10.1038/s42003-024-06815-0.
The gut microbiota exerts profound influence on poultry immunity and metabolism through mechanisms that yet need to be elucidated. Here we used conventional and germ-free chickens to explore the influence of the gut microbiota on transcriptomic and metabolic signatures along the gut-lung axis in poultry. Our results demonstrated a differential regulation of certain metabolites and genes associated with innate immunity and metabolism in peripheral tissues of germ-free birds. Furthermore, we evidenced the gut microbiota's capacity to regulate mucosal immunity in the chicken lung during avian influenza virus infection. Finally, by fine-analysing the antiviral pathways triggered by the short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) butyrate in chicken respiratory epithelial cells, we found that it regulates interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), notably OASL, via the transcription factor Sp1. These findings emphasize the pivotal role of the gut microbiota and its metabolites in shaping homeostasis and immunity in poultry, offering crucial insights into the mechanisms governing the communication between the gut and lungs in birds.
肠道微生物群通过尚未阐明的机制对家禽的免疫和代谢产生深远影响。在这里，我们使用常规鸡和无菌鸡来探索肠道微生物群对家禽肠道-肺部轴上转录组和代谢特征的影响。我们的结果表明，无菌鸟类外周组织中某些与先天免疫和代谢相关的代谢物和基因受到差异调控。此外，我们证明了肠道微生物群在禽流感病毒感染期间调节鸡肺黏膜免疫的能力。最后，通过对在鸡呼吸道上皮细胞中触发的短链脂肪酸（SCFA）丁酸盐的抗病毒途径进行精细分析，我们发现它通过转录因子 Sp1 调节干扰素刺激基因（ISGs），特别是 OASL。这些发现强调了肠道微生物群及其代谢物在塑造家禽体内平衡和免疫中的关键作用，为理解鸟类肠道和肺部之间的通讯机制提供了重要线索。
