The Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Department of Sociology and Social Policy, Wrocław University of Economics, Wrocław, Poland.
Health Res Policy Syst. 2024 Sep 19;22(1):128. doi: 10.1186/s12961-024-01214-7.
The article describes attitudes towards vaccinations in Poland in relation to issues such as voluntary versus compulsory vaccinations, the method of financing vaccinations, the method of organizing and carrying out vaccinations, the cognitive and educational aspect of vaccines (how to obtain knowledge about vaccines) and the preferred model of work and research on new vaccines. Taking into account these issues, the authors have created four ideal models of preferred vaccination policies: (a) the market model; (b) the state model; (c) the vaccine hesitancy model; and (d) the civic-social model. This perspective makes it possible to better understand and learn about the various motives behind the attitudes of anti-vaccination movements, as well as to notice cracks and divisions among vaccination supporters and their attitudes towards the financing and organization of vaccinations.
The study was carried out using the CATI method on a representative random-quota sample of Polish society of 1000 people aged 18 and over. The study took age, sex, education and the size of the place of residence into account. Additionally, in the Socio-demographic factors influencing attitudes towards vaccination practices in Poland section, we used the chi-squared test and regression analysis of factors influencing vaccination practices in Poland. PASW Statistics 18 (a version of SPSS) software was used for statistical analysis. Significant correlations were demonstrated at a significance level of 0.05% Pearson.
This article has shown that attitudes towards vaccinations are embedded in broader divisions and orientations related to the vision of the social order: the role of the state, the organization of healthcare and payments for vaccinations and medical services, as well as preferred ways of knowledge production in society and work on new vaccines. The political sympathies and the age of the respondents were the most important variables influencing vaccination behaviour. The education of the respondents was less important.
A few years after the peak of the pandemic, the scope of anti-vaccination attitudes in Polish society ranges from 20% of the population (dogmatic anti-vaxxers) to 30% (vaccine hesitancy occurring depending on attitudes towards vaccinations).
本文描述了波兰人对疫苗接种的态度，涉及到一些问题，如自愿接种与强制接种、疫苗接种的融资方式、疫苗接种的组织和实施方式、疫苗的认知和教育方面（如何获取疫苗知识）以及新疫苗的工作和研究首选模式。考虑到这些问题，作者创建了四个理想的疫苗接种政策模型：（a）市场模型；（b）国家模型；（c）疫苗犹豫模型；（d）公民-社会模型。这种视角可以更好地理解和了解反疫苗运动态度背后的各种动机，以及注意到疫苗接种支持者之间的裂痕和分歧，以及他们对疫苗接种融资和组织的态度。
本研究使用 CATI 方法，对 1000 名年龄在 18 岁及以上的波兰代表性随机配额人群进行了调查。研究考虑了年龄、性别、教育程度和居住地点的大小。此外，在“影响波兰人疫苗接种态度的社会人口因素”部分，我们使用了卡方检验和影响波兰人疫苗接种态度的因素回归分析。使用 PASW Statistics 18（SPSS 的一个版本）软件进行统计分析。在 0.05%的显著水平上，使用 Pearson 检验进行显著相关性分析。
本文表明，对疫苗接种的态度根植于更广泛的分歧和定向，这些分歧和定向与社会秩序的愿景有关：国家的作用、医疗保健的组织和疫苗接种及医疗服务的支付、以及社会中知识生产和新疫苗工作的首选方式。受访者的政治派别和年龄是影响接种行为的最重要变量。受访者的教育程度则不太重要。
在大流行高峰期过后的几年，波兰社会的反疫苗态度范围从 20%的人口（教条式反疫苗者）到 30%（取决于对疫苗接种的态度而出现的疫苗犹豫）。
