波兰、立陶宛和乌克兰流感季及第二波和第三波 COVID-19 疫情期间对 COVID-19 和流感疫苗接种的社会态度。
Social Attitude to COVID-19 and Influenza Vaccinations after the Influenza Vaccination Season and between the Second and Third COVID-19 Wave in Poland, Lithuania, and Ukraine.
机构信息
Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Social Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 7 Rokietnicka Street, 60806 Poznan, Poland.
Department of Organization and Economics of Pharmacy, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, 75 Pekarska Street, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine.
出版信息
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Feb 11;19(4):2042. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19042042.
UNLABELLED
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic affected the entire world and contributed to severe health and economic consequences. A safe and effective vaccine is a tool allowing the pandemic to be controlled. Hence, we aimed to conduct a survey on vaccinations against seasonal influenza and COVID-19 in Poland, Lithuania, and Ukraine. We also evaluated societal attitudes towards influenza and COVID-19 vaccinations.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We conducted the study between December 2020 and May 2021. At the time, the countries subject to the research were between the second and third waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. We used an anonymous and self-designed questionnaire comprised of eleven closed-ended questions and a short socio-demographic section. The questionnaire was administered by direct contact or mainly (due to the COVID-19 pandemic) by e-mail or Facebook. Finally, we included 2753 answers from Poland, 1852 from Ukraine, and 213 from Lithuania.
RESULTS
Between 61% (Poland) and 72.9% (Ukraine) of the study participants have never been vaccinated against influenza ( < 0.05). Totals of 67.6% of the respondents in Poland, 73.71% in Lithuania, and 29.5% in Ukraine responded that they want to be vaccinated against COVID-19 ( < 0.05). Vaccine hesitancy was mainly related to worries about its side effects. There were also vaccine non-adopters in the study. In Ukraine, 67% of the respondents were clearly opposed to mandatory COVID-19 vaccines, compared to 41.7% in Poland and 30.99% in Lithuania ( < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
There are still many people who present vaccine hesitancy or are opposed to vaccines. Thus, societal education about vaccination and the pandemic is crucial. Vaccine hesitancy or refusal might be related to vaccine origin. Shortages of influenza vaccines made it impossible to vaccinate those who were determined to be vaccinated. There is room for discussion of mandatory COVID-19 vaccinations.
目的
我们旨在对波兰、立陶宛和乌克兰的季节性流感和 COVID-19 疫苗接种情况进行调查，并评估社会对流感和 COVID-19 疫苗接种的态度。
方法
我们于 2020 年 12 月至 2021 年 5 月期间开展了这项研究。彼时，研究对象国正处于 COVID-19 大流行的第二波和第三波之间。我们使用了匿名且自行设计的问卷，其中包含 11 个封闭式问题和简短的社会人口统计学部分。通过直接联系或主要通过电子邮件或 Facebook 进行问卷调查。最终，我们纳入了来自波兰的 2753 份答卷、来自乌克兰的 1852 份答卷和来自立陶宛的 213 份答卷。
结果
在波兰，有 61%（<0.05）的研究参与者从未接种过流感疫苗，在乌克兰，这一比例为 72.9%。在波兰，有 67.6%的受访者表示希望接种 COVID-19 疫苗，在立陶宛为 73.71%，在乌克兰为 29.5%（<0.05）。疫苗犹豫主要与对其副作用的担忧有关。研究中也存在疫苗不接种者。在乌克兰，67%的受访者明确反对 COVID-19 疫苗强制接种，而在波兰和立陶宛，这一比例分别为 41.7%和 30.99%（<0.05）。
结论
仍有许多人对疫苗持犹豫或反对态度。因此，对疫苗和大流行进行社会教育至关重要。疫苗犹豫或拒绝可能与疫苗来源有关。流感疫苗短缺使得那些决心接种疫苗的人无法接种。有必要讨论 COVID-19 疫苗的强制接种问题。
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