Mukurweini sub-County Public Health Office, Nyeri County, Kenya.
J Health Popul Nutr. 2024 Sep 19;43(1):150. doi: 10.1186/s41043-024-00644-x.
Open defecation (OD) is the disposal of human excreta in the fields, bushes, water bodies and other open spaces. It poses a public health risk as it can lead to the spread of diarrhoea, cholera, soil-transmitted helminths and trachoma. Kenya aims to achieve 100% open defecation free status by 2030 in line with Sustainable development goal number 6. This study sought to determine factors influencing OD at the household level as well as quantify the number of households practicing OD in each of the 47 Kenyan counties.
Data from the household questionnaire of the Kenya Demographic and Health Survey, 2022 was analysed. Bivariate logistic regression was done with open defecation status as the dependent variable. Independent variables were poverty status, place of residence, ownership of farm animals, gender and educational level of household head. The number of households practicing OD per county were determined using the Kenya Census report of 2019.
Poverty was the strongest predictor of a household practicing OD (OR 43.8 95% CI 26.1-73.8) followed by educational status of the household head (OR 3.3 95% CI 2.3-4.6 ) and the household not owning livestock ( OR 0.7 95% CI 0.6-0.9). An estimated 7.4% of households practice OD. These are estimated to be 814,223 households. Out of these, 686,051 households (84.3%) are found in the 15 counties ranked as having a high population practicing OD. Five counties have managed to eliminate OD and another nine have OD rates of less than 0.5%.
Kenya has made commendable progress in eliminating OD. Poverty is a significant predictor of OD at the household level. To eliminate OD, it is advised that more efforts be targeted towards poor households as well as the 15 counties having a high number of OD-practicing households.
露天排便（OD）是指将人类粪便排放到田野、灌木丛、水体和其他开放空间中。它会带来公共卫生风险，因为它会导致腹泻、霍乱、肠道蠕虫和沙眼的传播。肯尼亚旨在按照可持续发展目标 6 的要求，到 2030 年实现 100%无露天排便的状态。本研究旨在确定家庭层面影响露天排便的因素，并量化每个肯尼亚县实施露天排便的家庭数量。
分析了 2022 年肯尼亚人口与健康调查的家庭问卷数据。以露天排便状况为因变量进行二变量逻辑回归。自变量为贫困状况、居住地、农场动物所有权、户主性别和教育程度。使用 2019 年肯尼亚人口普查报告确定每个县实施露天排便的家庭数量。
贫困是家庭实施露天排便的最强预测因素（OR 43.8，95%CI 26.1-73.8），其次是户主的教育程度（OR 3.3，95%CI 2.3-4.6）和家庭没有牲畜（OR 0.7，95%CI 0.6-0.9）。估计有 7.4%的家庭实施露天排便。这些家庭估计有 814,223 户。其中，686,051 户（84.3%）位于被评为人口实施露天排便率高的 15 个县。有五个县已经成功消除了露天排便，另外九个县的露天排便率低于 0.5%。
肯尼亚在消除露天排便方面取得了值得称赞的进展。贫困是家庭层面露天排便的一个重要预测因素。为了消除露天排便，建议将更多的努力针对贫困家庭以及有大量露天排便家庭的 15 个县。
