Bhavsar Vaidehi, Sahu Ashish, Taware Ravindra
Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India.
Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India.
Mol Cell Biochem. 2025 Apr;480(4):2025-2041. doi: 10.1007/s11010-024-05121-x. Epub 2024 Sep 20.
EVs (extracellular vesicles) are phospholipid bilayer vesicles that can be released by both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in normal as well as altered physiological conditions. These vesicles also termed as signalosomes, possess a distinctive cargo comprising nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and metabolites, enabling them to play a pivotal role in both local and long-distance intercellular communication. The composition, origin, and release of EVs can be influenced by different physiological conditions and a variety of stress factors, consequently affecting the contents carried within these vesicles. Therefore, identifying the modified contents of EVs can provide valuable insights into their functional role in stress-triggered communication. Particularly, this is important when EVs released from tumor microenvironment are investigated for their role in the development and dissemination of cancer. This review article emphasizes the importance of differential EV shedding and altered proteomic content in response to reduced oxygen concentration, altered levels of glucose and glutamine, pH variations, oxidative stress and Ca ion concertation and it is subsequent effects on the behavior of recipient cells.
细胞外囊泡（EVs）是磷脂双分子层囊泡，在正常以及改变的生理条件下，原核细胞和真核细胞均可释放。这些囊泡也被称为信号小体，拥有由核酸、蛋白质、脂质和代谢物组成的独特货物，使其能够在局部和远距离细胞间通讯中发挥关键作用。细胞外囊泡的组成、来源和释放会受到不同生理条件和多种应激因素的影响，从而影响这些囊泡所携带的内容物。因此，鉴定细胞外囊泡的修饰内容物可以为其在应激触发通讯中的功能作用提供有价值的见解。特别是，当研究从肿瘤微环境释放的细胞外囊泡在癌症发展和扩散中的作用时，这一点尤为重要。这篇综述文章强调了在低氧浓度、葡萄糖和谷氨酰胺水平改变、pH值变化、氧化应激和钙离子浓度变化时，细胞外囊泡差异释放和蛋白质组内容改变的重要性，以及其对受体细胞行为的后续影响。
