State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, Beijing, 100083, China.
State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, Beijing, 100083, China; Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
J Environ Manage. 2024 Nov;370:122604. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122604. Epub 2024 Sep 19.
Diversified crop rotations can help mitigate the negative impacts of increased agricultural intensity on the sustainability of agroecosystems. However, the impact of crop rotation diversity on the complexity of soil microbial association networks and ecological functions is still not well understood. In this study, a 6-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate how six different crop rotations change the composition and network complexity of soil microbial communities, as well as their related ecological functions. Microbial traits were measured in six crop rotations with different crop diversity index (CDI) during 2016-2022, including winter wheat-summer maize (CDI 1, WM) as the control, sweet potato→winter wheat-summer maize (CDI 1.5, SpWM), peanut→winter wheat-summer maize (CDI 1.5, PWM), soybean→winter wheat-summer maize (CDI 1.5, SWM), spring maize→winter wheat-summer maize (CDI 1.5, SmWM), and ryegrass-sweet sorghum→winter wheat-summer maize (CDI 2, RSWM). The study findings indicated that diversified crop rotations significantly increased ASV richness of both bacterial and fungal communities after 6-year treatments, and the β-diversity profiles of bacterial and fungal communities significantly distinguished at the year of 2022 from 2016. The relative abundance of Acidobacteria and Chloroflexi was significantly enriched in SpWM rotation at 2022, while Basidiomycota significantly declined in five diversified rotations compared to WM. Diversified crop rotations at 2022 increased the complexity and density of bacterial and fungal networks than 2016. SpWM and PWM rotations had the highest functional groups involved in chemoheterotrophy and saprotroph, respectively. Structural equation modelling (SEM) also revealed that diversified crop rotations increased soil nutrients through improving the composition of bacterial communities and the augmented intricacy of the interconnections within both bacterial and fungal communities. This research underscores the importance of preserving the diversity and ecological functions of soil microorganisms in the nutrient-recycling processes for efficient agricultural practices.
多样化的作物轮作可以帮助减轻农业集约化对农业生态系统可持续性的负面影响。然而，作物轮作多样性对土壤微生物群落的复杂性和生态功能的影响仍不清楚。在这项研究中，进行了一项为期 6 年的田间试验，以评估六种不同的作物轮作如何改变土壤微生物群落的组成和网络复杂性，以及它们相关的生态功能。在 2016 年至 2022 年期间，使用不同的作物多样性指数（CDI）测量了六种作物轮作中的微生物特征，包括冬小麦-夏玉米（CDI 1，WM）作为对照、甘薯→冬小麦-夏玉米（CDI 1.5，SpWM）、花生→冬小麦-夏玉米（CDI 1.5，PWM）、大豆→冬小麦-夏玉米（CDI 1.5，SWM）、春玉米-冬小麦-夏玉米（CDI 1.5，SmWM）和黑麦草-甜高粱→冬小麦-夏玉米（CDI 2，RSWM）。研究结果表明，经过 6 年的处理，多样化的作物轮作显著增加了细菌和真菌群落的 ASV 丰富度，并且细菌和真菌群落的 β-多样性谱在 2022 年与 2016 年显著区分。在 SpWM 轮作中，酸杆菌门和绿弯菌门的相对丰度在 2022 年显著富集，而 Basidiomycota 在五个多样化轮作中与 WM 相比显著减少。与 2016 年相比，2022 年多样化的作物轮作增加了细菌和真菌网络的复杂性和密度。SpWM 和 PWM 轮作分别具有参与化感异养和腐生的最高功能组。结构方程模型（SEM）也表明，多样化的作物轮作通过改善细菌群落的组成和增加细菌和真菌群落内部的连接复杂性来增加土壤养分。这项研究强调了在高效农业实践中保护土壤微生物多样性和生态功能在养分循环过程中的重要性。
