College of Agriculture and Biological Science, Co-Innovation Center for Cangshan Mountain and Erhai Lake Integrated Protection and Green Development of Yunnan Province, Dali University, Dali, 671003, China.
BMC Microbiol. 2024 Oct 26;24(1):435. doi: 10.1186/s12866-024-03580-2.
Crop rotation is an important agricultural practice that often affects the metabolic processes of soil microorganisms through the composition and combination of crops, thereby altering nutrient cycling and supply to the soil. Although the benefits of crop rotation have been extensively discussed, the effects and mechanisms of different crop combinations on the soil microbial community structure in specific environments still need to be analyzed in detail.
In this study, six crop rotation systems were selected, for which the spring crops were mainly tobacco or gramineous crops: AT (asparagus lettuce and tobacco rotation), BT (broad bean and tobacco rotation), OT (oilseed rape and tobacco rotation), AM (asparagus lettuce and maize rotation), BM (broad bean and maize rotation), and OR (oilseed rape and rice rotation). All crops had been cultivated for > 10 years. Soil samples were collected when the rotation was completed in spring, after which the soil properties, composition, and functions of bacterial and fungal communities were analyzed.
The results indicate that spring cultivated crops play a more dominant role in the crop rotation systems than do autumn cultivated crops. Crop rotation systems with the same spring crops have similar soil properties and microbial community compositions. pH and AK are the most important factors driving microbial community changes, and bacteria are more sensitive to environmental responses than fungi. Rotation using tobacco systems led to soil acidification and a decrease in microbial diversity, while the number of biomarkers and taxonomic indicator species differed between rotation patterns. Symbiotic network analysis revealed that the network complexity of OT and BM was the highest, and that the network density of tobacco systems was lower than that of gramineous systems.
Different crop rotation combinations influence both soil microbial communities and soil nutrient conditions. The spring crops in the crop rotation systems had stronger dominating effects, and the soil bacteria were more sensitive than the fungi were to environmental changes. The tobacco rotation system can cause soil acidification and thereby affect soil sustainability, while the complexity of soil microbial networks is lower than that of gramineous systems. These results provide a reference for future sustainable applications of rotation crop systems.
轮作是一种重要的农业实践，通过作物的组成和组合，经常影响土壤微生物的代谢过程，从而改变养分循环和向土壤的供应。尽管轮作的好处已经被广泛讨论，但不同作物组合对特定环境中土壤微生物群落结构的影响和机制仍需要详细分析。
本研究选择了 6 种轮作系统，其春季作物主要为烟草或禾本科作物：AT（芦笋生菜和烟草轮作）、BT（蚕豆和烟草轮作）、OT（油菜和烟草轮作）、AM（芦笋生菜和玉米轮作）、BM（蚕豆和玉米轮作）和 OR（油菜和水稻轮作）。所有作物的种植时间均超过 10 年。春季轮作完成后采集土壤样本，分析土壤性质、组成和细菌及真菌群落的功能。
结果表明，春季栽培作物在轮作系统中比秋季栽培作物发挥更主导作用。具有相同春季作物的轮作系统具有相似的土壤性质和微生物群落组成。pH 和 AK 是驱动微生物群落变化的最重要因素，细菌对环境响应比真菌更敏感。使用烟草系统的轮作导致土壤酸化和微生物多样性减少，而轮作模式之间的生物标志物和分类指示物种数量不同。共生网络分析表明，OT 和 BM 的网络复杂性最高，烟草系统的网络密度低于禾本科系统。
不同的轮作组合会影响土壤微生物群落和土壤养分条件。轮作系统中的春季作物具有更强的主导作用，土壤细菌对环境变化的敏感性高于真菌。烟草轮作系统会导致土壤酸化，从而影响土壤的可持续性，而土壤微生物网络的复杂性低于禾本科系统。这些结果为未来轮作系统的可持续应用提供了参考。
