Carbajal Iván, Barrita Aldo, Martinez Lianelys Cabrera
Oregon State University, Corvallis, US.
Michigan State University, East Lansing, US.
J Youth Adolesc. 2025 Mar;54(3):574-589. doi: 10.1007/s10964-024-02085-5. Epub 2024 Sep 21.
Understood from a critical consciousness framework, White racial identity development involves recognizing and combating White privilege and supremacy. The present study investigated the development of White American young adults' racial identity through their racial consciousness and racial affect and their combined impact on critical reflection using a person-centered approach via Latent Profile Analysis (LPA). Participants were 716 White identifying participants (M = 21.00, SD = 6.20 years; 68% women) who ethnically identified as White (90%) or European American. Participants completed surveys about their White racial consciousness, affect, and critical reflection. The results gave a six-profile solution to understanding White racial identity that can be closely similar to the six statuses proposed by the model of White identity development. However, White racial consciousness is more complex than theorized. The six-profile solution contained insights into how White adults conceive of their Whiteness, both as a racial identity and emotionally. The most illuminating findings of the LPA are in the combinations of identity and affect. The results indicated that even though White individuals are high in racial consciousness, it does not necessarily mean they critically reflect on their privileged position. Further, there was no support for the influence of multiple marginalized identities in helping develop White racial consciousness.
从批判意识框架来看，白人种族身份发展涉及认识和对抗白人特权与至上地位。本研究通过潜在剖面分析（LPA）采用以人为中心的方法，考察了美国白人青年的种族意识、种族情感及其对批判性反思的综合影响，以此探究他们的种族身份发展。参与者为716名自认为是白人的参与者（年龄均值M = 21.00，标准差SD = 6.20岁；68%为女性），他们在种族上自认为是白人（90%）或欧裔美国人。参与者完成了关于其白人种族意识、情感和批判性反思的调查。研究结果给出了一个理解白人种族身份的六剖面解决方案，该方案与白人身份发展模型所提出的六个阶段非常相似。然而，白人种族意识比理论上更为复杂。这个六剖面解决方案包含了关于白人成年人如何将自己的白人身份视为一种种族身份以及从情感角度来理解的见解。潜在剖面分析最具启发性的发现在于身份与情感的组合。结果表明，即使白人个体具有较高的种族意识，但这并不一定意味着他们会批判性地反思自己的特权地位。此外，没有证据支持多重边缘化身份对白人种族意识发展的影响。
