Sokół Rajmund, Koziatek-Sadłowska Sylwia
Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, M. Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, M. Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
Poult Sci. 2024 Dec;103(12):104317. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104317. Epub 2024 Sep 10.
The black grouse (Tetrao tetrix) is an endangered species facing challenges in breeding and reintroduction programs, including parasitic infestations. This study aimed to assess natural infestations by various Eimeria species and infestation dynamics in female, male, and young black grouse kept in a stationary aviary. Faecal samples were collected from adult grouses between April and the time of chicks' hatching and rearing (September). Faecal samples from young birds were collected from the hatching for a period of 1 year. The prevalence of Eimeria spp. was determined by a qualitative method (Fulleborn's flotation) and a quantitative method (McMaster's method with Raynaud's modification). The following Eimeria species were identified: E. lyruri, E. nadsoni and E. nonbrumpti. The average percentages of Eimeria spp. in the cock were 80.52%, 9.27%, and 10.21%, respectively; in the hen, they were 86.19%, 9.28%, and 4.53%, respectively; in the young black grouses they were 84.60%, 9.34% and 6.06%, respectively. The highest E. lyruri infestation was observed in the cock in June (144227 OPG) and July (129365 OPG). In the hen, the infestation intensity increased in May (304302 OPG) and then decreased in June (39583 OPG). Furthermore, an additional increase was observed in July (216533 OPG). Two increases in infestation intensity were also observed in young birds, with peaks in January (91387 OPG) and July (126178 OPG). A positive strong correlation was identified between Eimeria spp. in the cock and the young birds. A statistically significant positive correlation was identified in the hen between E. lyruri and E. nadsoni. No correlation was demonstrated between the infestation intensity and the age of the birds or season of the year in all the grouses under study. Despite some attempts, a comprehensive approach to the issue of coccidiosis in the black grouse as a disease that may affect the success of reintroduction has yet to be established. It seems crucial to monitor the level of Eimeria spp. invasion, and the proposed faecal sampling scheme is an important tool for achieving this goal.
黑琴鸡（Tetrao tetrix）是一种濒危物种，在繁殖和重新引入计划中面临诸多挑战，包括寄生虫感染。本研究旨在评估圈养在固定鸟舍中的雌性、雄性和幼年黑琴鸡体内各种艾美耳球虫的自然感染情况及感染动态。在4月至雏鸡孵化及饲养期（9月）期间，采集成年黑琴鸡的粪便样本。幼鸟的粪便样本从孵化开始采集，为期1年。通过定性方法（富勒本漂浮法）和定量方法（改良雷诺法的麦克马斯特法）测定艾美耳球虫的感染率。鉴定出以下艾美耳球虫种类：鲁氏艾美耳球虫、纳氏艾美耳球虫和诺氏艾美耳球虫。公鸡体内艾美耳球虫的平均感染率分别为80.52%、9.27%和10.21%；母鸡体内分别为86.19%、9.28%和4.53%；幼年黑琴鸡体内分别为84.60%、9.34%和6.06%。6月（每克粪便含卵囊数144227个）和7月（每克粪便含卵囊数129365个）观察到公鸡体内鲁氏艾美耳球虫感染率最高。母鸡体内，5月感染强度增加（每克粪便含卵囊数304302个），6月下降（每克粪便含卵囊数39583个）。此外，7月感染率再次上升（每克粪便含卵囊数216533个）。幼鸟体内感染强度也出现两次上升，1月（每克粪便含卵囊数91387个）和7月（每克粪便含卵囊数126178个）达到峰值。公鸡和幼鸟体内艾美耳球虫之间存在强正相关。母鸡体内鲁氏艾美耳球虫和纳氏艾美耳球虫之间存在统计学上显著的正相关。在所研究的所有黑琴鸡中，感染强度与鸟的年龄或年份季节之间均未显示出相关性。尽管进行了一些尝试，但针对黑琴鸡球虫病这一可能影响重新引入成功与否的疾病，尚未建立全面的应对方法。监测艾美耳球虫的入侵水平似乎至关重要，而所提议的粪便采样方案是实现这一目标的重要工具。
