Frontotemporal lobar degeneration changes neuronal beta-frequency dynamics during the mismatch negativity response.

The consequences of frontotemporal lobar degeneration include changes in prefrontal cortical neurophysiology, with abnormalities of neural dynamics reported in the beta frequency range (14-30 Hz) that correlate with functional severity. We examined beta dynamics in two clinical syndromes associated with frontotemporal lobar degeneration: the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Whilst these two syndromes are partially convergent in cognitive effects, they differ in disease mechanisms such as molecular pathologies and prefrontal atrophy. Whether bvFTD and PSP also differ in neurophysiology remains to be fully investigated. We compared magnetoencephalography from 20 controls, 23 people with bvFTD and 21 people with PSP (Richardson's syndrome) during an auditory roving oddball paradigm. We measured changes in low and high total beta power responses (14-22 and 22-30 Hz respectively) over frontotemporal cortex in the period of the mismatch negativity response (100-250 ms post-stimulus). In controls, we found increased 14-22 Hz beta power following unexpected sensory events (i.e. increased deviant versus standard response), from right prefrontal cortex. Relative to controls, PSP reversed the mismatch response in this time-frequency window, reflecting reduced responses to the deviant stimuli (relative to standard stimuli). Abnormal beta at baseline in PSP could account for the reduced task-modulation of beta. Across bvFTD and PSP groups, the beta response to deviant stimuli (relative to standard stimuli) correlated with clinical severity, but not with atrophy of the prefrontal source region. These findings confirm the proposed importance of higher-order cortical regions, and their beta-power generators, in sensory change detection and context-updating during oddball paradigms. The physiological effects are proposed to result from changes in synaptic density, cortical neurotransmitters and subcortical connections, rather than merely atrophy. Beta-power changes may assist clinical stratification and provide intermediate outcomes for experimental medicine studies of novel therapeutic strategies.