Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Universität Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.
Metabolomics. 2024 Sep 21;20(5):105. doi: 10.1007/s11306-024-02166-3.
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES: Changes in the stool metabolome have been poorly studied in the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Moreover, few studies have explored the relationship of stool metabolites with circulating metabolites. Here, we investigated the associations between stool and blood metabolites, the MetS and systemic inflammation.
We analyzed data from 1,370 participants of the KORA FF4 study (Germany). Metabolites were measured by Metabolon, Inc. (untargeted) in stool, and using the AbsoluteIDQ p180 kit (targeted) in blood. Multiple linear regression models, adjusted for dietary pattern, age, sex, physical activity, smoking status and alcohol intake, were used to estimate the associations of metabolites with the MetS, its components and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels. Partial correlation and Multi-Omics Factor Analysis (MOFA) were used to investigate the relationship between stool and blood metabolites.
The MetS was significantly associated with 170 stool and 82 blood metabolites. The MetS components with the highest number of associations were triglyceride levels (stool) and HDL levels (blood). Additionally, 107 and 27 MetS-associated metabolites (in stool and blood, respectively) showed significant associations with hsCRP levels. We found low partial correlation coefficients between stool and blood metabolites. MOFA did not detect shared variation across the two datasets.
The MetS, particularly dyslipidemia, is associated with multiple stool and blood metabolites that are also associated with systemic inflammation. Further studies are necessary to validate our findings and to characterize metabolic alterations in the MetS. Although our analyses point to weak correlations between stool and blood metabolites, additional studies using integrative approaches are warranted.
简介/目的：代谢综合征（MetS）患者的粪便代谢组学变化研究较少。此外，很少有研究探讨粪便代谢物与循环代谢物之间的关系。在这里，我们研究了粪便和血液代谢物与 MetS 和全身炎症之间的相关性。
我们分析了德国 KORA FF4 研究（KORA FF4 study）1370 名参与者的数据。使用 Metabolon，Inc.（非靶向）检测粪便中的代谢物，使用 AbsoluteIDQ p180 试剂盒（靶向）检测血液中的代谢物。使用多元线性回归模型，调整饮食模式、年龄、性别、身体活动、吸烟状况和饮酒量，估计代谢物与 MetS 及其各组成部分和高敏 C 反应蛋白（hsCRP）水平的相关性。使用偏相关和多组学因子分析（Multi-Omics Factor Analysis，MOFA）来研究粪便和血液代谢物之间的关系。
MetS 与 170 种粪便代谢物和 82 种血液代谢物显著相关。与 MetS 相关性最高的代谢物成分是甘油三酯水平（粪便）和 HDL 水平（血液）。此外，107 种和 27 种与 MetS 相关的代谢物（分别在粪便和血液中）与 hsCRP 水平显著相关。我们发现粪便和血液代谢物之间的偏相关系数较低。MOFA 未在两个数据集之间检测到共享的变化。
MetS，特别是血脂异常，与多种粪便和血液代谢物相关，这些代谢物也与全身炎症相关。需要进一步的研究来验证我们的发现，并阐明 MetS 中的代谢变化。尽管我们的分析表明粪便和血液代谢物之间的相关性较弱，但需要进行更多的整合研究。
