Dall'Oglio Giovana Piovesan, De Lima Alvarenga Eliézia Helena, Haddad Leonardo, Aires Mateus Morais, Abrahão Márcio
Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2025 Jan-Feb;91(1):101494. doi: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2024.101494. Epub 2024 Aug 31.
To describe the findings of Fiberoptic Endoscopic Examination of Swallowing (FEES) in asymptomatic young and older adults, comparing results across different age groups. Additionally, this study aims to test the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) as an instrument to identify dysphagia risk.
A prospective cross-sectional observational analysis was conducted on a sample of individuals aged 20 and above, asymptomatic for dysphagia, stratified by age groups. The EAT-10 questionnaire was completed, and the FEES was employed to assess oropharyngeal swallowing function. Various parameters, including salivary stasis, swallowing reflex trigger, swallowing sequence, residue, penetration, and aspiration were blindly analyzed by two otolaryngologists.
A total of 184 participants were included, with a mean age of 44.7 ± 18.5 years. There was good to excellent agreement between examiners for FEES parameters. The EAT-10 score ≥3 suggested dysphagia risk in 7.6% (n = 14) of the sample, with no association with age or any FEES parameter. Individuals aged ≥80 years presented more residue (50%; n = 5/10) compared to younger individuals (11.5%; n = 20/174; p = 0.039). Salivary stasis was found exclusively in individuals aged ≥60 years (n = 5/39; 12.8%; p = 0.027). Age did not influence on the swallowing reflex trigger, swallowing sequence, penetration, and aspiration. Penetration was observed in 4.9% (n = 9) of subjects and aspiration occurred in 0.5% (n = 1) of subjects, with no statistical significance in age groups.
Age does not have a linear influence on swallowing in healthy adults and elderly people. However, individuals aged ≥80 years showed a higher prevalence of residue, and individuals aged ≥60 years showed a higher prevalence of salivary stasis, suggesting an increased risk or presence of dysphagia. Other FEES parameters were not influenced by age. These findings provide valuable insights into the nuanced dynamics of swallowing across different age groups, emphasizing the importance of age-specific considerations in dysphagia assessment.
描述无症状的年轻人和老年人吞咽功能的纤维内镜检查（FEES）结果，比较不同年龄组的结果。此外，本研究旨在测试进食评估工具（EAT-10）作为识别吞咽困难风险的工具。
对20岁及以上无症状吞咽困难的个体样本进行前瞻性横断面观察分析，按年龄组分层。完成EAT-10问卷，并采用FEES评估口咽吞咽功能。两名耳鼻喉科医生对包括唾液淤滞、吞咽反射触发、吞咽顺序、残留物、渗透和误吸等各种参数进行盲法分析。
共纳入184名参与者，平均年龄为44.7±18.5岁。检查者之间对FEES参数的一致性良好至优秀。EAT-10评分≥3表明样本中有7.6%（n=14）的人存在吞咽困难风险，与年龄或任何FEES参数均无关联。与年轻人（11.5%；n=20/174）相比，80岁及以上的个体出现更多残留物（50%；n=5/10；p=0.039）。仅在60岁及以上的个体中发现唾液淤滞（n=5/39；12.8%；p=0.027）。年龄对吞咽反射触发、吞咽顺序、渗透和误吸没有影响。4.9%（n=9）的受试者出现渗透，0.5%（n=1）的受试者出现误吸，各年龄组之间无统计学意义。
年龄对健康成年人和老年人的吞咽没有线性影响。然而，80岁及以上的个体残留物患病率较高，60岁及以上的个体唾液淤滞患病率较高，提示吞咽困难风险增加或存在吞咽困难。其他FEES参数不受年龄影响。这些发现为不同年龄组吞咽的细微动态提供了有价值的见解，强调了在吞咽困难评估中考虑年龄特异性的重要性。
