Capital University of Physical Education And Sports, Beijing, Haidian, China.
PeerJ. 2024 Sep 19;12:e17958. doi: 10.7717/peerj.17958. eCollection 2024.
Concurrent training (CT) is emerging as a practical and effective approach to enhance body composition, cardiovascular function, and muscle mass, thereby elevating overall individual health. This study aims to systematically investigate the effects of short- and long-term concurrent aerobic and resistance training on circulating irisin levels in overweight or obese individuals.
The electronic databases, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure, PubMed, Embase, Wan Fang Database, and Web of Science, were systematically searched for articles on "concurrent training" and "irisin" published from their inception to 30 November 2023. The pooled effect size was determined using standardized mean difference (SMD) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The study protocol received registration with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42023494163).
All nine studies, encompassing a total of 264 participants, were randomized controlled trials and met the eligibility criteria. Results indicate that short- and long-term concurrent training moderately increased circulating irisin levels compared to the control group (SMD = 0.56, 95% CI [0.33-0.80], = 0.00; = 36.6%, heterogeneity = 0.106). Subgroup analyses revealed that both equal to or less than 10 weeks (SMD = 0.78, 95% CI [0.18-1.37], = 0.01; = 62.3%, heterogeneity = 0.03) and more than 10 weeks (SMD = 0.45, 95% CI [0.14-0.76], = 0.00; = 0%, heterogeneity = 0.54) of concurrent training significantly increased circulating irisin levels in overweight or obese individuals. There were no significant between-group differences ( = 0%, = 0.34). Additionally, concurrent training significantly increased irisin levels in overweight or obese participants (SMD = 1.06, 95% CI [0.34-1.78], = 0.00; = 50.6%, heterogeneity = 0.13) and in type 2 diabetes patients (SMD = 0.70, 95% CI [0.30-1.10], = 0.00; = 0%, heterogeneity = 0.99). However, no significant effect was observed in patients with metabolic syndrome (SMD = 0.21, 95% CI [-0.25-0.68], = 0.37; = 38.7%, heterogeneity = 0.18). There were significant between-group differences ( = 53.9%, = 0.11). Lastly, concurrent training significantly increased circulating irisin levels in overweight or obese individuals aged 45-60 years (SMD = 0.56, 95% CI [0.25-0.86], = 0.00; = 6.5%, heterogeneity = 0.38), and a significant increase in irisin levels was observed 12 h post-intervention (SMD = 0.70, 95% CI [0.35-1.05], = 0.00; = 0%, heterogeneity = 0.74). However, none of the above categorical variables showed significant between-group differences.
Short- and long-term concurrent training can effectively improve circulating irisin levels in overweight or obese individuals. However, the effects of short- and long-term concurrent training should consider the participants' health status, age, and the timing of post-exercise measurements to maximize health benefits.
并 行训练（Concurrent training，CT）作为一种实用且有效的方法，正在兴起，能够提高身体成分、心血管功能和肌肉质量，从而提升整体健康水平。本研究旨在系统地探讨短期和长期并 行有氧和抗阻训练对超重或肥胖个体循环鸢尾素水平的影响。
系统检索中国知网、PubMed、Embase、万方数据库和 Web of Science 中关于“并 行训练”和“鸢尾素”的文献，检索时间截至 2023 年 11 月 30 日。采用标准化均数差（SMD）及其相应的 95%置信区间（CI）评估合并效应量。本研究方案已在国际前瞻性注册系统评价（CRD42023494163）中注册。
共纳入 9 项研究，总计 264 名参与者，均为随机对照试验，符合纳入标准。结果表明，与对照组相比，短期和长期并 行训练适度增加了循环鸢尾素水平（SMD=0.56，95%CI[0.33-0.80]， =0.00； =36.6%，异质性 =0.106）。亚组分析显示，10 周及以下（SMD=0.78，95%CI[0.18-1.37]， =0.01； =62.3%，异质性 =0.03）和 10 周以上（SMD=0.45，95%CI[0.14-0.76]， =0.00； =0%，异质性 =0.54）的并 行训练均可显著增加超重或肥胖个体的循环鸢尾素水平。组间无显著差异（ =0%， =0.34）。此外，与对照组相比，短期和长期并 行训练显著增加了超重或肥胖参与者的鸢尾素水平（SMD=1.06，95%CI[0.34-1.78]， =0.00； =50.6%，异质性 =0.13）和 2 型糖尿病患者的鸢尾素水平（SMD=0.70，95%CI[0.30-1.10]， =0.00； =0%，异质性 =0.99）。然而，在代谢综合征患者中未观察到显著效果（SMD=0.21，95%CI[-0.25-0.68]， =0.37； =38.7%，异质性 =0.18）。组间存在显著差异（ =53.9%， =0.11）。最后，与对照组相比，短期和长期并 行训练显著增加了 45-60 岁超重或肥胖个体的循环鸢尾素水平（SMD=0.56，95%CI[0.25-0.86]， =0.00； =6.5%，异质性 =0.38），且干预后 12 小时鸢尾素水平显著增加（SMD=0.70，95%CI[0.35-1.05]， =0.00； =0%，异质性 =0.74）。然而，上述分类变量均未显示出组间的显著差异。
短期和长期并 行训练可以有效提高超重或肥胖个体的循环鸢尾素水平。然而，短期和长期并 行训练的效果应考虑参与者的健康状况、年龄以及运动后测量的时间，以最大限度地提高健康收益。
