Shahsavarnajand Bonab Hakimeh, Tolouei Azar Javad, Soraya Hamid, Nouri Habashi Akbar
Department of Exercise Physiology and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
Sports Med Health Sci. 2024 Feb 2;6(4):344-357. doi: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.01.010. eCollection 2024 Dec.
This study aimed to investigate the potential cardioprotective effects of moderate and high-intensity aerobic interval training (MIIT and HIIT) preconditioning. The focus was on histological changes, pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance, autophagy initiation, and apoptosis in myocardial tissue incited by isoproterenol-induced pathological cardiac remodeling (ISO-induced PCR). Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control ( = 6), ISO ( = 8), MIIT ( = 4), HIIT ( = 4), MIIT + ISO ( = 8), and HIIT + ISO ( = 8) groups. The MIIT and HIIT protocols were administered for 10 weeks, followed by the induction of cardiac remodeling using subcutaneous injection of ISO (100 mg/kg for two consecutive days). Alterations in heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), rate pressure product (RPP), myocardial oxygen consumption (M O), cardiac hypertrophy, histopathological changes, pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance, autophagy biomarkers (Beclin-1, Atg7, p62, LC3 I/II), and apoptotic cell distribution were measured. The findings revealed that the MIIT + ISO and HIIT + ISO groups demonstrated diminished myocardial damage, hemorrhage, immune cell infiltration, edema, necrosis, and apoptosis compared to ISO-induced rats. MIIT and HIIT preconditioning mitigated HR, enhanced MAP, and preserved M O and RPP. The pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance was sustained in both MIIT + ISO and HIIT + ISO groups, with MIIT primarily inhibiting pro-apoptotic autophagy progression through maintaining pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance, and HIIT promoting pro-survival autophagy. The results demonstrated the beneficial effects of both MIIT and HIIT as AITs preconditioning in ameliorating ISO-induced PCR by improving exercise capacity, hemodynamic parameters, and histopathological changes. Some of these protective effects can be attributed to the modulation of cardiac apoptosis, autophagy, and oxidative stress.
本研究旨在探讨中等强度和高强度有氧间歇训练（MIIT和HIIT）预处理的潜在心脏保护作用。重点关注异丙肾上腺素诱导的病理性心脏重塑（ISO诱导的PCR）所引发的心肌组织中的组织学变化、促氧化剂-抗氧化剂平衡、自噬起始和细胞凋亡。雄性Wistar大鼠被随机分为对照组（n = 6）、ISO组（n = 8）、MIIT组（n = 4）、HIIT组（n = 4）、MIIT + ISO组（n = 8）和HIIT + ISO组（n = 8）。MIIT和HIIT方案实施10周，随后通过皮下注射ISO（连续两天100 mg/kg）诱导心脏重塑。测量心率（HR）、平均动脉压（MAP）、率压积（RPP）、心肌耗氧量（MVO）、心脏肥大、组织病理学变化、促氧化剂-抗氧化剂平衡、自噬生物标志物（Beclin-1、Atg7、p62、LC3 I/II）和凋亡细胞分布的改变。研究结果显示，与ISO诱导的大鼠相比，MIIT + ISO组和HIIT + ISO组的心肌损伤、出血、免疫细胞浸润、水肿、坏死和细胞凋亡均有所减轻。MIIT和HIIT预处理降低了HR，提高了MAP，并维持了MVO和RPP。MIIT + ISO组和HIIT + ISO组的促氧化剂-抗氧化剂平衡均得以维持，MIIT主要通过维持促氧化剂-抗氧化剂平衡抑制促凋亡自噬进程，而HIIT则促进促生存自噬。结果表明，MIIT和HIIT作为有氧间歇训练预处理，通过改善运动能力、血流动力学参数和组织病理学变化，对改善ISO诱导的PCR具有有益作用。其中一些保护作用可归因于对心脏细胞凋亡、自噬和氧化应激的调节。
