Bharathi Jothi Kanmani, Suresh Preethika, Prakash Muthu Arjuna Samy, Muneer Sowbiya
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, 608002, Tamil Nadu, India.
School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil-Nadu, India.
Heliyon. 2024 Sep 7;10(18):e37634. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37634. eCollection 2024 Sep 30.
An excellent technique for producing pharmaceuticals called "molecular farming" enables the industrial mass production of useful recombinant proteins in genetically modified organisms. Protein-based pharmaceuticals are rising in significance because of a variety of factors, including their bioreactivity, precision, safety, and efficacy rate. Heterologous expression methods for the manufacturing of pharmaceutical products have been previously employed using yeast, bacteria, and animal cells. However, the high cost of mammalian cell system, and production, the chance for product complexity, and contamination, and the hurdles of scaling up to commercial production are the limitations of these traditional expression methods. Plants have been raised as a hopeful replacement system for the expression of biopharmaceutical products due to their potential benefits, which include low production costs, simplicity in scaling up to commercial manufacturing levels, and a lower threat of mammalian toxin contaminations and virus infections. Since plants are widely utilized as a source of therapeutic chemicals, molecular farming offers a unique way to produce molecular medicines such as recombinant antibodies, enzymes, growth factors, plasma proteins, and vaccines whose molecular basis for use in therapy is well established. Biopharming provides more economical and extensive pharmaceutical drug supplies, including vaccines for contagious diseases and pharmaceutical proteins for the treatment of conditions like heart disease and cancer. To assess its technical viability and the efficacy resulting from the adoption of molecular farming products, the following review explores the various methods and methodologies that are currently employed to create commercially valuable molecules in plant systems.
一种名为“分子农业”的出色制药技术能够在转基因生物中大规模工业化生产有用的重组蛋白。基于蛋白质的药物由于其生物反应性、精准性、安全性和有效率等多种因素，其重要性日益凸显。此前已采用酵母、细菌和动物细胞来制造药物产品的异源表达方法。然而，哺乳动物细胞系统成本高、生产复杂、存在产品复杂性和污染风险以及扩大到商业生产的障碍，这些都是这些传统表达方法的局限性。由于植物具有潜在优势，包括生产成本低、易于扩大到商业生产水平、哺乳动物毒素污染和病毒感染风险较低，因此植物已成为生物制药产品表达的一个有希望的替代系统。由于植物被广泛用作治疗化学品的来源，分子农业提供了一种独特的方式来生产分子药物，如重组抗体、酶、生长因子、血浆蛋白和疫苗，其治疗用途的分子基础已得到充分确立。生物制药提供了更经济、更广泛的药物供应，包括传染病疫苗和用于治疗心脏病和癌症等疾病的药用蛋白。为了评估其技术可行性以及采用分子农业产品所产生的效果，以下综述探讨了目前用于在植物系统中创造具有商业价值分子的各种方法和技术。
