Shahsavari Arash, Liu Fei
Cell Biology and Genetics department, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
Dent Rev (N Y). 2024 Sep;4(3). doi: 10.1016/j.dentre.2024.100150. Epub 2024 Aug 13.
Primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS) is a chronic autoimmune disease mainly affecting salivary and lacrimal glands. The current pSS biomarkers, serum autoantibodies, are negative in many pSS patients diagnosed with histopathology changes, indicating the need of novel biomarkers. The current therapies of pSS are merely short-term symptomatic relief and can't provide effective long-term remedy. Extracellular vehicles (EVs) are nano-sized lipid bilayer-delimited particles spontaneously released by almost all types of cells and carrying various bioactive molecules to mediate inter-cellular communications. Recent studies found that EVs from salivary gland epithelial cells and immune cells play essential roles in pSS pathogenesis. Correspondingly, EVs and their cargos in plasma and saliva are promising candidate biomarkers for pSS diagnosis. Moreover, EVs from mesenchymal stem cells have shown promises to improve pSS treatment by modulating immune responses. This review summarizes recent findings in roles of EVs in pSS pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of pSS, as well as related challenges and future research directions.
原发性干燥综合征（pSS）是一种主要影响唾液腺和泪腺的慢性自身免疫性疾病。目前的pSS生物标志物，即血清自身抗体，在许多经组织病理学改变确诊的pSS患者中呈阴性，这表明需要新的生物标志物。目前pSS的治疗方法仅仅是短期缓解症状，并不能提供有效的长期治疗。细胞外囊泡（EVs）是几乎所有类型细胞自发释放的纳米级脂质双分子层包裹的颗粒，携带各种生物活性分子来介导细胞间通讯。最近的研究发现，唾液腺上皮细胞和免疫细胞来源的EVs在pSS发病机制中起重要作用。相应地，血浆和唾液中的EVs及其所载物是pSS诊断很有前景的候选生物标志物。此外，间充质干细胞来源的EVs已显示出通过调节免疫反应改善pSS治疗的前景。本综述总结了EVs在pSS发病机制、诊断和治疗中的作用的最新研究结果，以及相关挑战和未来研究方向。
