Genetic Insights Into Leukemia Susceptibility in the Arab Population: A Scoping Review.

As per the Global Cancer Observatory, the WHO Eastern Mediterranean region (which includes the Arabic countries) ranks highest for age-standardized mortality rate at 4 per 100,000, thus indicating a probable role of genetic associations. Identifying the genes associated with leukemia in the Arab population is crucial for effective preventive and treatment strategies. This scoping review aimed to determine the nature and extent of research available on the genes associated with the major types of leukemia among the Arab population. As per the scoping review guidelines, a comprehensive search was conducted in PUBMED and Google Scholar for articles published before 01/10/2023 and focused on leukemia-related genes among the Arab population. In total 119 studies, focusing on genes associated with leukemia met the inclusion criteria. On reviewing these studies, 27 genes were found to be associated with ALL, 33 genes with AML, seven genes with CLL, and 14 genes with CML. The majority of these genes were associated with an increased risk for the disease. Notably, the 119 studies covered only nine out of the 22 Arab countries, with 56 studies carried out in Egypt, exhibiting an imbalance in the regional distribution of the research landscape. Thus, indicating the inadequacy of research on leukemia genetics in the Arab region in comparison to the Western studies. This finding highlights the need for extensive research in the Middle Eastern region to gain geographically heterogeneous genetic information about the Arab population. In conclusion, this scoping study highlights the genes associated with the major types of leukemia among the Arab population and also indicates the need for comprehensive and regionally balanced research on leukemia genetics in Middle Eastern countries. Addressing this gap is essential to provide robust genetic data that can be used for targeted interventions to improve leukemia outcomes in the Middle East. Increased research efforts in all Middle Eastern countries will contribute to a greater understanding of genetic predisposition and help develop effective prevention strategies and treatments tailored to this population.